{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144900054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169608804473","title":"Zernike moment invariance in character recognition using artificial neural networks (ANN)","display_name":"Zernike moment invariance in character recognition using artificial neural networks (ANN)","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144900054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169608804473","mag":"2144900054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207169608804473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169608804473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867444","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","issn_l":"0020-7160","issn":["0020-7160","1026-7425","1029-0265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063006106","display_name":"H. Y. Y. Sanossian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Y. Y. Sanossian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parallel Algorithms Research Centre , Loughborough University of Technology , Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK","Parallel Algorithms Research Centre, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parallel Algorithms Research Centre , Loughborough University of Technology , Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parallel Algorithms Research Centre, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050075410","display_name":"David Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2834-6700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. J. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Parallel Algorithms Research Centre , Loughborough University of Technology , Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK","Parallel Algorithms Research Centre, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parallel Algorithms Research Centre , Loughborough University of Technology , Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Parallel Algorithms Research Centre, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063006106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25014577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"1-2","first_page":"33","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zernike-polynomials","display_name":"Zernike polynomials","score":0.7944774627685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6958900690078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6544337272644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.6516764163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6195695400238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6138832569122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.5911771059036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5859926342964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.44867631793022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4184833765029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.4159352481365204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3904325067996979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29289841651916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1082414984703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.079714834690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-physics","display_name":"Mathematical physics","score":0.07443830370903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0701850950717926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92423082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132146","display_name":"Zernike polynomials","level":3,"score":0.7944774627685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6958900690078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6544337272644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6516764163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6195695400238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6138832569122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5911771059036255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5859926342964172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44867631793022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4184833765029907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4159352481365204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3904325067996979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29289841651916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1082414984703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.079714834690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.07443830370903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0701850950717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00207169608804473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207169608804473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124867444","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","issn_l":"0020-7160","issn":["0020-7160","1026-7425","1029-0265"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W753280515","https://openalex.org/W2011909934","https://openalex.org/W2064438678","https://openalex.org/W2094349015","https://openalex.org/W2101927907","https://openalex.org/W2102679304","https://openalex.org/W2115806697","https://openalex.org/W2141955292","https://openalex.org/W2146880335","https://openalex.org/W2149272334","https://openalex.org/W2159005573","https://openalex.org/W2159498975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2547138831","https://openalex.org/W2061580049","https://openalex.org/W1997638723","https://openalex.org/W2067788074","https://openalex.org/W2183108721","https://openalex.org/W2073465494","https://openalex.org/W2116187845","https://openalex.org/W1889836128","https://openalex.org/W3004984598","https://openalex.org/W2086782523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2],"researchers":[3],"have":[4],"used":[5],"ANNs":[6],"with":[7],"different":[8],"techniques":[9,34],"to":[10,44,47],"recognize":[11],"invariant":[12,46],"patterns":[13],"(Lee":[14],"and":[15,21,25,30],"Oldham":[16],"(1990),":[17],"Burr":[18],"(1988),":[19],"Khotanzad":[20],"Lu":[22],"(1990).":[23],"Barnard":[24],"Casasent":[26],"(1991),":[27],"Widrow,":[28],"Winter":[29],"Baxter":[31],"(1987).":[32],"These":[33],"can":[35],"be":[36,45],"broadly":[37],"classified":[38],"as":[39],"preprocessing":[40],"the":[41],"input":[42],"signal":[43],"geometrical":[48],"differences.":[49]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}