{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416125791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","title":"When Will (Game) Wars End?","display_name":"When Will (Game) Wars End?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416125791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156280010","display_name":"American Mathematical Monthly","issn_l":"0002-9890","issn":["0002-9890","1930-0972"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Mathematical Monthly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024972064","display_name":"Manan Bhatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-9425"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manan Bhatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029066117","display_name":"Byron Chin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byron Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037481362","display_name":"Nitya Mani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-5886"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitya Mani","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013467728","display_name":"Elchanan Mossel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-7886"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elchanan Mossel","raw_affiliation_strings":["View further author information"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"View further author information","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40659436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"133","issue":"1","first_page":"35","last_page":"46"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.044199999421834946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.044199999421834946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12957","display_name":"War, Ethics, and Justification","score":0.043800000101327896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.032099999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fermats-last-theorem","display_name":"Fermat's Last Theorem","score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coin-flipping","display_name":"Coin flipping","score":0.5449000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeated-game","display_name":"Repeated game","score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.36890000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87670640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132469","display_name":"Fermat's Last Theorem","level":2,"score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97399411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q825367","display_name":"Coin flipping","level":2,"score":0.5449000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202556891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1584646","display_name":"Repeated game","level":3,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95940807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12237274","display_name":"Simultaneous game","level":4,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88959737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1546627","display_name":"Strategy","level":3,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166110776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3590573","display_name":"Game of chance","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22171661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380","display_name":"Stochastic game","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25796384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822514","display_name":"Metagaming","level":5,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156280010","display_name":"American Mathematical Monthly","issn_l":"0002-9890","issn":["0002-9890","1930-0972"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Mathematical Monthly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00029890.2025.2572283","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156280010","display_name":"American Mathematical Monthly","issn_l":"0002-9890","issn":["0002-9890","1930-0972"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Mathematical Monthly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G133274215","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ONR-N00014-20-1-2826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G187065093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ONR-N00014-20-1-2826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2823328944","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-20-1-2826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3517332641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ONR-N00014-20-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3924115752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"622132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","funder_display_name":"Simons Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4119437170","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"622132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4353487559","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ONR-N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6343957156","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"622132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6543566890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-20-1-2826","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306164","display_name":"Simons Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cmst727"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308782","display_name":"Hertz Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ycgxf29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309369","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416125791.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416125791.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008837039","https://openalex.org/W2040169179","https://openalex.org/W2103322363","https://openalex.org/W2312994949","https://openalex.org/W2331365303","https://openalex.org/W2365574823","https://openalex.org/W2404420738","https://openalex.org/W2885549115","https://openalex.org/W2964337928","https://openalex.org/W4211192810","https://openalex.org/W4239390085","https://openalex.org/W4246616194"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"study":[1],"several":[2],"variants":[3,37],"of":[4,35,38,44,57],"the":[5,18,39,42,62,68,100],"classical":[6],"card":[7],"game":[8,16,19,69],"war.":[9],"As":[10],"anyone":[11],"who":[12],"has":[13],"played":[14],"this":[15],"knows,":[17],"can":[20],"take":[21],"some":[22],"time":[23,56,66],"to":[24],"terminate,":[25],"but":[26],"it":[27],"usually":[28],"does.":[29],"Here,":[30],"we":[31],"analyze":[32],"a":[33,74,82],"number":[34,43],"asymptotic":[36],"game,":[40],"where":[41,70],"cards":[45],"is":[46,61],"n,":[47],"and":[48,88,97],"show":[49],"that":[50],"all":[51],"have":[52],"an":[53],"expected":[54,64],"termination":[55,65],"order":[58],"n2.":[59],"This":[60],"same":[63],"as":[67,85],"at":[71],"each":[72],"turn":[73],"fair":[75],"coin":[76],"toss":[77],"decides":[78],"which":[79],"player":[80],"wins":[81],"card,":[83],"known":[84],"Gambler\u2019s":[86],"Ruin":[87],"was":[89],"studied":[90],"by":[91],"Blaise":[92],"Pascal,":[93],"Pierre":[94],"de":[95],"Fermat":[96],"others":[98],"in":[99],"seventeenth":[101],"century.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T06:11:07.267592","created_date":"2025-11-11T00:00:00"}
