{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139709253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805921105","title":"Experience versus talent shapes the structure of the Web","display_name":"Experience versus talent shapes the structure of the Web","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139709253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805921105","mag":"2139709253","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18779560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0805921105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805921105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0901.0296","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030827216","display_name":"Joseph S. Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseph S. Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108806547","display_name":"Nima Sarshar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nima Sarshar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada S4S 0A4 ; and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada S4S 0A4 ; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043479061","display_name":"Vwani Roychowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-6489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vwani P. Roychowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["*Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;","Netseer, Inc., 11943 Montana Avenue, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90049","*Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;; Netseer, Inc., 11943 Montana Avenue, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netseer, Inc., 11943 Montana Avenue, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90049","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;; Netseer, Inc., 11943 Montana Avenue, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030827216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3695,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92699682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"37","first_page":"13724","last_page":"13729"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.6567808389663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entitlement","display_name":"Entitlement (fair division)","score":0.6482991576194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5771570205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperlink","display_name":"Hyperlink","score":0.5395089983940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5349525213241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5050697922706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.47071096301078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.46278077363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4287247657775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.26723670959472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21327364444732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1654263436794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.09248849749565125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.6567808389663696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94982200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380545","display_name":"Entitlement (fair division)","level":2,"score":0.6482991576194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5771570205688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30088001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102014","display_name":"Hyperlink","level":3,"score":0.5395089983940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5349525213241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5050697922706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.47071096301078796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.46278077363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4287247657775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.26723670959472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21327364444732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1654263436794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.09248849749565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048088","descriptor_name":"Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048088","descriptor_name":"Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048088","descriptor_name":"Informatics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0805921105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805921105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18779560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18779560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0901.0296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0901.0296","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0901.0296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2544521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805921105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0901.0296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0901.0296","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0901.0296","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591378753","https://openalex.org/W1643412971","https://openalex.org/W1651321255","https://openalex.org/W1967440046","https://openalex.org/W1971443820","https://openalex.org/W1994687138","https://openalex.org/W2006763285","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2026926922","https://openalex.org/W2036671379","https://openalex.org/W2039880840","https://openalex.org/W2062021443","https://openalex.org/W2080450835","https://openalex.org/W2082137560","https://openalex.org/W2088655444","https://openalex.org/W2098411332","https://openalex.org/W2103766762","https://openalex.org/W2104977387","https://openalex.org/W2106178197","https://openalex.org/W2118009636","https://openalex.org/W2129620481","https://openalex.org/W2134308336","https://openalex.org/W2137773620","https://openalex.org/W2165925342","https://openalex.org/W2166743161","https://openalex.org/W2169095542","https://openalex.org/W2611932958","https://openalex.org/W2950890478","https://openalex.org/W3098454465","https://openalex.org/W6601680507","https://openalex.org/W6828726615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W2245616560","https://openalex.org/W2351804282","https://openalex.org/W2048998278","https://openalex.org/W1556894713","https://openalex.org/W1490416172","https://openalex.org/W158130761","https://openalex.org/W2588706232","https://openalex.org/W2096877906"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,23,94],"use":[1],"sequential":[2],"large-scale":[3],"crawl":[4],"data":[5],"to":[6,78,122,124,140,180,206,209,226],"empirically":[7],"investigate":[8],"and":[9,80,87,104,138,166,177,183,199,228],"validate":[10],"the":[11,15,18,21,26,30,43,48,62,67,72,81,92,97,105,158,169,210,230,233,239],"dynamics":[12],"that":[13,25,69,96,155,221,238],"underlie":[14],"evolution":[16],"of":[17,20,29,42,50,61,85,89,157,232],"structure":[19,28],"web.":[22,93],"find":[24,95],"overall":[27,106],"web":[31,98,170],"is":[32,99,109,120,191,215],"defined":[33],"by":[34,47,66],"an":[35],"intricate":[36],"interplay":[37],"between":[38,164],"experience":[39,125,165],"or":[40,59],"entitlement":[41,204],"pages":[44,63,90,154,174],"(as":[45,64],"measured":[46,65],"number":[49],"inbound":[51,144],"hyperlinks":[52],"a":[53,76],"page":[54,73],"already":[55],"has),":[56],"inherent":[57],"talent":[58,103,167],"fitness":[60,107,220,240],"likelihood":[68],"someone":[70],"visiting":[71],"would":[74],"give":[75],"hyperlink":[77],"it),":[79],"continual":[82],"high":[83,128],"rates":[84],"birth":[86],"death":[88],"on":[91,168],"conservative":[100],"in":[101,117,197,246],"judging":[102],"distribution":[108],"exponential,":[110],"showing":[111],"low":[112],"variability.":[113],"The":[114,130,161],"small":[115,136],"variance":[116],"talent,":[118],"however,":[119],"enough":[121,217],"lead":[123],"distributions":[126,146],"with":[127,175,203],"variance:":[129],"preferential":[131],"attachment":[132],"mechanism":[133],"amplifies":[134],"these":[135],"biases":[137],"leads":[139],"heavy-tailed":[141],"power-law":[142],"(PL)":[143],"degree":[145],"over":[147,153],"all":[148],"pages,":[149],"as":[150,152],"well":[151],"are":[156],"same":[159],"age.":[160],"balancing":[162],"act":[163],"allows":[171,222],"newly":[172],"introduced":[173],"novel":[176],"interesting":[178],"content":[179],"grow":[181],"quickly":[182],"surpass":[184],"older":[185],"pages.":[186],"In":[187],"this":[188],"regard,":[189],"it":[190],"much":[192],"like":[193],"what":[194],"we":[195,236],"observe":[196],"high-mobility":[198],"meritocratic":[200],"societies:":[201],"People":[202],"continue":[205],"have":[207,242],"access":[208],"best":[211],"resources,":[212],"but":[213],"there":[214],"just":[216],"screening":[218],"for":[219,223],"talented":[224],"winners":[225],"emerge":[227],"join":[229],"ranks":[231],"leaders.":[234],"Finally,":[235],"show":[237],"estimates":[241],"potential":[243],"practical":[244],"applications":[245],"ranking":[247],"query":[248],"results.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}