{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2808894668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717781115","title":"Analyzing gender inequality through large-scale Facebook advertising data","display_name":"Analyzing gender inequality through large-scale Facebook advertising data","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2808894668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717781115","mag":"2808894668","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29921703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1717781115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717781115","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/27/6958.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/27/6958.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084395089","display_name":"David Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-9151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112164","display_name":"Complexity Science Hub","ror":"https://ror.org/023dz9m50","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complexity Science Hub Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria;","Section for Science of Complex Systems, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complexity Science Hub Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section for Science of Complex Systems, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033806050","display_name":"Yonas Mitike Kassa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7277-6412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonas Mitike Kassa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain;","IMDEA Networks Institute, 28918 Legan\u00e9s, Spain;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, 28918 Legan\u00e9s, Spain;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102023207","display_name":"\u221a\u00c5ngel Cuevas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-0820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel Cuevas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017095669","display_name":"Manuel Cebri\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-7982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Cebrian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, 3008 Melbourne, Australia;","The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, 3008 Melbourne, Australia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088539840","display_name":"Esteban Moro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2894-1024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esteban Moro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos, Department of Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;","The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos, Department of Mathematics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009232244","display_name":"Iyad Rahwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-4303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iyad Rahwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Data, Systems &amp; Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139","The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Data, Systems &amp; Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070487234","display_name":"Rub\u00e9n Cuevas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1440-8360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Cuevas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Legan\u00e9s, Spain;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084395089"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112164","https://openalex.org/I76134821"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.8086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9951489,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"115","issue":"27","first_page":"6958","last_page":"6963"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"Inequality","score":0.6920343637466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-divide","display_name":"Digital divide","score":0.6030169725418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.5920372009277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5603367686271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality","display_name":"Gender inequality","score":0.5041037797927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/externality","display_name":"Externality","score":0.4807743430137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.480229914188385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-inequality","display_name":"Social inequality","score":0.47737929224967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3785495162010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.33622804284095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.33278077840805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3126989006996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18603220582008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15674442052841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1162615716457367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.10389962792396545}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.6920343637466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.6030169725418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.5920372009277344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5603367686271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891097","display_name":"Gender inequality","level":3,"score":0.5041037797927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16118543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275372","display_name":"Externality","level":2,"score":0.4807743430137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.480229914188385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.47737929224967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3785495162010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33622804284095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33278077840805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3126989006996155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18603220582008362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15674442052841187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1162615716457367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.10389962792396545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007398","descriptor_name":"Interpersonal Relations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D061108","descriptor_name":"Social Media","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063507","descriptor_name":"Sexism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063507","descriptor_name":"Sexism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063507","descriptor_name":"Sexism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1717781115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717781115","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/27/6958.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29921703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29921703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1710.03705","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.03705","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1710.03705","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::65a68fa681f1beabc8a4c6deb719ffb2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/28521","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/28521","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nas:journl:v:115:y:2018:p:6958-6963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.pnas.org/content/115/27/6958.full","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/120700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PNAS","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5288076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6142225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_3020522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0002-C887-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1717781115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717781115","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/27/6958.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321003","display_name":"Vienna Science and Technology Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01f9mc681"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2808894668.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2808894668.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68436435","https://openalex.org/W74682868","https://openalex.org/W129854128","https://openalex.org/W1598833883","https://openalex.org/W1660540534","https://openalex.org/W1964285328","https://openalex.org/W1972520921","https://openalex.org/W1977037734","https://openalex.org/W1981606742","https://openalex.org/W2009165032","https://openalex.org/W2022809706","https://openalex.org/W2056004860","https://openalex.org/W2063348869","https://openalex.org/W2118520958","https://openalex.org/W2232909957","https://openalex.org/W2258528563","https://openalex.org/W2279520549","https://openalex.org/W2292253565","https://openalex.org/W2363947341","https://openalex.org/W2395256202","https://openalex.org/W2498798074","https://openalex.org/W2511445421","https://openalex.org/W2559849832","https://openalex.org/W2573963059","https://openalex.org/W2592742539","https://openalex.org/W2592974517","https://openalex.org/W2597018287","https://openalex.org/W2611078990","https://openalex.org/W2613004929","https://openalex.org/W2730816940","https://openalex.org/W2743753426","https://openalex.org/W2764332164","https://openalex.org/W2784530134","https://openalex.org/W2785401534","https://openalex.org/W2786058524","https://openalex.org/W2787781581","https://openalex.org/W2791637817","https://openalex.org/W2950288447","https://openalex.org/W2963117874","https://openalex.org/W2963913350","https://openalex.org/W3104942706","https://openalex.org/W4205325953","https://openalex.org/W4237806521","https://openalex.org/W4241293205","https://openalex.org/W4246074723","https://openalex.org/W4251991118","https://openalex.org/W4256064729","https://openalex.org/W4298327441","https://openalex.org/W4301948712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169196470","https://openalex.org/W3113185420","https://openalex.org/W4237580245","https://openalex.org/W4385368139","https://openalex.org/W2520749017","https://openalex.org/W2803822476","https://openalex.org/W2806472081","https://openalex.org/W2414757857","https://openalex.org/W2885149037","https://openalex.org/W2900156366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0,41],"social":[1,42,58,67,146,176],"media":[2,59,68,147],"are":[3,46,163],"information":[4],"resources":[5,194],"that":[6,23,80,122,142,144,157,174,187],"can":[7,81],"have":[8,189],"a":[9,70,97],"transformative":[10],"power":[11],"in":[12,44,66,109,129,139,167],"society.":[13],"While":[14],"the":[15,29,55,75,92,123,161,185,199],"Web":[16],"was":[17],"envisioned":[18],"as":[19],"an":[20,51,149],"equalizing":[21],"force":[22],"allows":[24],"everyone":[25],"to":[26,48,74,190,192,197],"access":[27,191],"information,":[28],"digital":[30],"divide":[31],"prevents":[32],"large":[33],"amounts":[34],"of":[35,77,103,115,160],"people":[36],"from":[37],"being":[38],"present":[39],"online.":[40],"media,":[43],"particular,":[45],"prone":[47],"gender":[49,64,117,126,137,169,181,201],"inequality,":[50],"important":[52],"issue":[53],"given":[54],"link":[56],"between":[57],"use":[60],"and":[61,132,195],"employment.":[62],"Understanding":[63],"inequality":[65],"is":[69],"challenging":[71],"task":[72],"due":[73],"necessity":[76],"data":[78],"sources":[79],"provide":[82],"large-scale":[83],"measurements":[84],"across":[85],"multiple":[86],"countries.":[87],"Here,":[88],"we":[89,155],"show":[90],"how":[91],"Facebook":[93],"Gender":[94],"Divide":[95],"(FGD),":[96],"metric":[98],"based":[99],"on":[100],"aggregated":[101],"statistics":[102],"more":[104],"than":[105],"1.4":[106],"billion":[107],"users":[108],"217":[110],"countries,":[111],"explains":[112],"various":[113],"aspects":[114],"worldwide":[116],"inequality.":[118],"Our":[119,171],"analysis":[120],"shows":[121],"FGD":[124,162],"encodes":[125],"equality":[127],"indices":[128],"education,":[130],"health,":[131],"economic":[133,168,200],"opportunity.":[134],"We":[135],"find":[136,156],"differences":[138],"network":[140],"externalities":[141],"suggest":[143,173],"using":[145],"has":[148],"added":[150],"value":[151],"for":[152],"women.":[153],"Furthermore,":[154],"low":[158],"values":[159],"associated":[164],"with":[165],"increases":[166],"equality.":[170],"results":[172],"online":[175],"networks,":[177],"while":[178],"suffering":[179],"evident":[180],"imbalance,":[182],"may":[183],"lower":[184],"barriers":[186],"women":[188],"informational":[193],"help":[196],"narrow":[198],"gap.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
