{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119324190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311124110","title":"Evidence for soft bounds in Ubuntu package sizes and mammalian body masses","display_name":"Evidence for soft bounds in Ubuntu package sizes and mammalian body masses","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119324190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311124110","mag":"2119324190","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24324175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1311124110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311124110","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/52/21054.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/52/21054.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010329445","display_name":"Marco Gherardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7745-8269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160013858","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare","ror":"https://ror.org/005ta0471","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gherardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy;","Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","bIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"bIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160013858"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037760902","display_name":"Salvatore Mandr\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-2694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160013858","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare","ror":"https://ror.org/005ta0471","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Mandr\u00e0","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;","Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy;","Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","bIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","cDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"bIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160013858"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"cDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016271530","display_name":"B. Bassetti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160013858","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare","ror":"https://ror.org/005ta0471","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136779","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/04w4m6z96","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160013858","https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Bassetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy;","Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","bIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136779"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"bIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160013858"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041638323","display_name":"Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0235-0445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Genomic Physics Group, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7238 associ\u00e9e au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, \u201cMicroorganism Genomics,\u201d F-75006 Paris, France; and","Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7238, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Genomic Physics Group, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7238 associ\u00e9e au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, \u201cMicroorganism Genomics,\u201d F-75006 Paris, France; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 7238, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88539776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"110","issue":"52","first_page":"21054","last_page":"21058"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.978600025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6750767230987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6451939344406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.6288573741912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-package","display_name":"Software package","score":0.5807932615280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.574884295463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.5471035242080688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-package","display_name":"R package","score":0.5321290493011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.458299458026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3440210819244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.2093077003955841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1924971044063568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1526774764060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13825315237045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.0947335958480835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6750767230987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6451939344406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.6288573741912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020440742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176855","display_name":"Software package","level":3,"score":0.5807932615280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.574884295463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.5471035242080688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984074130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779","display_name":"R package","level":2,"score":0.5321290493011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.458299458026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3440210819244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.2093077003955841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1924971044063568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1526774764060974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13825315237045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0947335958480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008322","descriptor_name":"Mammals","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008322","descriptor_name":"Mammals","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008322","descriptor_name":"Mammals","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049628","descriptor_name":"Body Size","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049628","descriptor_name":"Body Size","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049628","descriptor_name":"Body Size","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1311124110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311124110","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/52/21054.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24324175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24324175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01528426v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01528426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110 (52), pp.21054-21058. &#x27E8;10.1073/pnas.1311124110&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/257223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2434/257223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3876239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3876239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1311124110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311124110","pdf_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/52/21054.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574634131","https://openalex.org/W1576224528","https://openalex.org/W1960121276","https://openalex.org/W1964429554","https://openalex.org/W1980409596","https://openalex.org/W1990768402","https://openalex.org/W2017303659","https://openalex.org/W2023448781","https://openalex.org/W2026287024","https://openalex.org/W2026305126","https://openalex.org/W2033818780","https://openalex.org/W2035228868","https://openalex.org/W2053649449","https://openalex.org/W2056284729","https://openalex.org/W2057116804","https://openalex.org/W2078206416","https://openalex.org/W2078822756","https://openalex.org/W2080843536","https://openalex.org/W2093788033","https://openalex.org/W2095402301","https://openalex.org/W2113219513","https://openalex.org/W2116693957","https://openalex.org/W2116931585","https://openalex.org/W2117614080","https://openalex.org/W2124958324","https://openalex.org/W2128780139","https://openalex.org/W2133095967","https://openalex.org/W2135154675","https://openalex.org/W2149812746","https://openalex.org/W2153082591","https://openalex.org/W2158526526","https://openalex.org/W2170825945","https://openalex.org/W2547844570","https://openalex.org/W2964215812","https://openalex.org/W3101945514","https://openalex.org/W3102637508","https://openalex.org/W4232707096","https://openalex.org/W4299512882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376877853","https://openalex.org/W1493891899","https://openalex.org/W4250928611","https://openalex.org/W166480398","https://openalex.org/W1612808768","https://openalex.org/W167327709","https://openalex.org/W1977393088","https://openalex.org/W4387839566","https://openalex.org/W4210922265","https://openalex.org/W2288962794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22,158],"development":[1],"of":[2,11,15,24,32,53,56,84,177,200,209,214],"a":[3,12,54,88,98,111,137,170,206,232],"complex":[4],"system":[5],"depends":[6],"on":[7,116,132,136,150],"the":[8,50,59,82,117,167,175,193,198,210,215,218,226],"self-coordinated":[9],"action":[10],"large":[13],"number":[14],"agents,":[16],"often":[17],"determining":[18],"unexpected":[19],"global":[20],"behavior.":[21,48],"case":[23],"software":[25,57],"evolution":[26,83],"has":[27,225],"great":[28],"practical":[29],"importance:":[30],"knowledge":[31],"what":[33],"is":[34,108,114,130,142,173,205,223],"to":[35,46,144,163,191,231],"be":[36],"considered":[37],"atypical":[38],"can":[39],"guide":[40],"developers":[41],"in":[42,87,95],"recognizing":[43],"and":[44,135,154,165],"reacting":[45],"abnormal":[47],"Although":[49],"initial":[51],"framework":[52],"theory":[55],"exists,":[58],"current":[60],"theoretical":[61,139],"achievements":[62],"do":[63],"not":[64],"fully":[65],"capture":[66],"existing":[67],"quantitative":[68],"data":[69,133],"or":[70],"predict":[71],"future":[72],"trends.":[73],"Here":[74],"we":[75,124],"show":[76],"that":[77,113,123,169,220],"two":[78],"elementary":[79],"laws":[80],"describe":[81],"package":[85],"sizes":[86],"Linux-based":[89],"operating":[90],"system:":[91],"first,":[92],"relative":[93],"changes":[94],"size":[96,106],"follow":[97],"random":[99],"walk":[100],"with":[101],"non-Gaussian":[102],"jumps;":[103],"second,":[104],"each":[105],"change":[107],"bounded":[109,212],"by":[110,197],"limit":[112],"dependent":[115],"starting":[118],"size,":[119],"an":[120],"intriguing":[121],"behavior":[122],"call":[125],"\"soft":[126],"bound.\"":[127],"Our":[128],"approach":[129],"based":[131],"analysis":[134,160],"simple":[138],"model,":[140],"which":[141],"able":[143],"reproduce":[145,192],"empirical":[146],"details":[147],"without":[148],"relying":[149],"any":[151],"adjustable":[152],"parameter":[153],"generates":[155],"definite":[156],"predictions.":[157],"same":[159],"allows":[161],"us":[162],"formulate":[164],"support":[166],"hypothesis":[168,219],"similar":[171],"mechanism":[172],"shaping":[174],"distribution":[176,199],"mammalian":[178,202,235],"body":[179],"sizes,":[180],"via":[181],"size-dependent":[182],"constraints":[183],"during":[184],"cladogenesis.":[185],"Whereas":[186],"generally":[187],"accepted":[188],"approaches":[189],"struggle":[190],"large-mass":[194],"shoulder":[195],"displayed":[196],"extant":[201],"species,":[203],"this":[204,221],"natural":[207],"consequence":[208],"softly":[211],"nature":[213],"process.":[216],"Additionally,":[217],"model":[222],"valid":[224],"relevant":[227],"implication":[228],"that,":[229],"contrary":[230],"common":[233],"assumption,":[234],"masses":[236],"are":[237],"still":[238],"evolving,":[239],"albeit":[240],"very":[241],"slowly.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
