{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143296986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409746102","title":"Unsupervised learning of natural languages","display_name":"Unsupervised learning of natural languages","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143296986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409746102","mag":"2143296986","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16087885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0409746102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409746102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1187953","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083089139","display_name":"Zach Solan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zach Solan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001249894","display_name":"D. Horn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Horn","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063492133","display_name":"Eytan Ruppin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-3940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eytan Ruppin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049585835","display_name":"Shimon Edelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-7728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shimon Edelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Astronomy and School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083089139"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.5408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":344,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99737612,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"102","issue":"33","first_page":"11629","last_page":"11634"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.764621376991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar-induction","display_name":"Grammar induction","score":0.6983569860458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6478443145751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6441717743873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.5761237740516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.5338799953460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.50767982006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.49403029680252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-context-free-grammar","display_name":"Stochastic context-free grammar","score":0.4720112979412079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.462436318397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.45590633153915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.45316165685653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.42544299364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-adjoining-grammar","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","score":0.2095780372619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.14001703262329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.108070969581604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.764621376991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56601403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593673","display_name":"Grammar induction","level":3,"score":0.6983569860458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6478443145751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6441717743873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.5761237740516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5338799953460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.50767982006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.49403029680252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199624470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377216","display_name":"Stochastic context-free grammar","level":5,"score":0.4720112979412079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.462436318397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.45590633153915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.45316165685653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.42544299364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134083981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754022","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","level":4,"score":0.2095780372619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14001703262329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.108070969581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019295","descriptor_name":"Computational Biology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.0409746102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409746102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16087885","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16087885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.210.6383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.210.6383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mythryl.org/pub/adios/ZachSolanThesis.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:168315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1187953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1187953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1187953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1187953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1187953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320949","display_name":"Dan David Prize","ror":"https://ror.org/04wgs1895"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952254","https://openalex.org/W2419268","https://openalex.org/W10704533","https://openalex.org/W52943171","https://openalex.org/W103303497","https://openalex.org/W139466809","https://openalex.org/W171130554","https://openalex.org/W421997344","https://openalex.org/W634538242","https://openalex.org/W1479758177","https://openalex.org/W1485243506","https://openalex.org/W1502101714","https://openalex.org/W1506722491","https://openalex.org/W1512044109","https://openalex.org/W1514872638","https://openalex.org/W1530250655","https://openalex.org/W1537903448","https://openalex.org/W1539587067","https://openalex.org/W1550814170","https://openalex.org/W1558866924","https://openalex.org/W1559010669","https://openalex.org/W1573617985","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1575798196","https://openalex.org/W1579890941","https://openalex.org/W1588612820","https://openalex.org/W1639844904","https://openalex.org/W1689655311","https://openalex.org/W1818785862","https://openalex.org/W1907964890","https://openalex.org/W1971074050","https://openalex.org/W1978470410","https://openalex.org/W1979539191","https://openalex.org/W1980862600","https://openalex.org/W1981922751","https://openalex.org/W1984466986","https://openalex.org/W1984794455","https://openalex.org/W1991158387","https://openalex.org/W1991194336","https://openalex.org/W2001846237","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2024657257","https://openalex.org/W2024988999","https://openalex.org/W2050423830","https://openalex.org/W2077302143","https://openalex.org/W2083444167","https://openalex.org/W2083568566","https://openalex.org/W2090137490","https://openalex.org/W2093476618","https://openalex.org/W2101461290","https://openalex.org/W2102834748","https://openalex.org/W2107745473","https://openalex.org/W2110638188","https://openalex.org/W2111501447","https://openalex.org/W2111917096","https://openalex.org/W2113075298","https://openalex.org/W2115792525","https://openalex.org/W2120339295","https://openalex.org/W2123893795","https://openalex.org/W2130055919","https://openalex.org/W2130454225","https://openalex.org/W2132730112","https://openalex.org/W2134312227","https://openalex.org/W2135891083","https://openalex.org/W2147587545","https://openalex.org/W2149830985","https://openalex.org/W2149902104","https://openalex.org/W2153564293","https://openalex.org/W2153568660","https://openalex.org/W2153592339","https://openalex.org/W2155693943","https://openalex.org/W2162471372","https://openalex.org/W2165495989","https://openalex.org/W2165821138","https://openalex.org/W2166522237","https://openalex.org/W2315366077","https://openalex.org/W2439178139","https://openalex.org/W2596490039","https://openalex.org/W2603454388","https://openalex.org/W2607317773","https://openalex.org/W2627596099","https://openalex.org/W2798029051","https://openalex.org/W2798298787","https://openalex.org/W2882319491","https://openalex.org/W2946776431","https://openalex.org/W3021713638","https://openalex.org/W3140196993","https://openalex.org/W4230557881","https://openalex.org/W4232516125","https://openalex.org/W4245826738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517025915","https://openalex.org/W2062298603","https://openalex.org/W1988013505","https://openalex.org/W1528741793","https://openalex.org/W4245826738","https://openalex.org/W4241423161","https://openalex.org/W1502023054","https://openalex.org/W2404911248","https://openalex.org/W2050035935","https://openalex.org/W1570763403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2],"problem,":[3],"fundamental":[4],"to":[5,20],"linguistics,":[6],"bioinformatics,":[7],"and":[8,71,103,105,126],"certain":[9],"other":[10,130],"disciplines,":[11],"of":[12,15,31,60,94,118],"using":[13],"corpora":[14],"raw":[16,138],"symbolic":[17],"sequential":[18],"data":[19,108],"infer":[21],"underlying":[22],"rules":[23],"that":[24,77,132],"govern":[25],"their":[26],"production.":[27],"Given":[28],"a":[29,65],"corpus":[30],"strings":[32],"(such":[33],"as":[34,99,101,141],"text,":[35],"transcribed":[36],"speech,":[37],"chromosome":[38],"or":[39],"protein":[40,107],"sequence":[41,110],"data,":[42,139],"sheet":[43],"music,":[44],"etc.),":[45],"our":[46],"unsupervised":[47,114],"algorithm":[48,62,115],"recursively":[49],"distills":[50],"from":[51,137],"it":[52],"hierarchically":[53],"structured":[54,73],"patterns.":[55],"The":[56],"adios":[57],"(automatic":[58],"distillation":[59],"structure)":[61],"relies":[63],"on":[64,72,88,96,106],"statistical":[66],"method":[67],"for":[68,134],"pattern":[69],"extraction":[70],"generalization,":[74],"two":[75],"processes":[76],"have":[78],"been":[79,86],"implicated":[80],"in":[81,129],"language":[82],"acquisition.":[83],"It":[84],"has":[85],"evaluated":[87],"artificial":[89],"context-free":[90],"grammars":[91],"with":[92,111],"thousands":[93],"rules,":[95],"natural":[97],"languages":[98],"diverse":[100],"English":[102],"Chinese,":[104],"correlating":[109],"function.":[112],"This":[113],"is":[116],"capable":[117],"learning":[119],"complex":[120],"syntax,":[121],"generating":[122],"grammatical":[123],"novel":[124],"sentences,":[125],"proving":[127],"useful":[128],"fields":[131],"call":[133],"structure":[135],"discovery":[136],"such":[140],"bioinformatics.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":45}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
