{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402771594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccof2.cceng-4758","title":"Recycling Large-Format 3D Printed Polymer Composite Formworks Used for Casting Precast Concrete \u2013 Technical Feasibility and Challenges","display_name":"Recycling Large-Format 3D Printed Polymer Composite Formworks Used for Casting Precast Concrete \u2013 Technical Feasibility and Challenges","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402771594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccof2.cceng-4758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/jccof2.cceng-4758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccof2.cceng-4758","pdf_url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-4758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33209994","display_name":"Journal of Composites for Construction","issn_l":"1090-0268","issn":["1090-0268","1943-5614"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Composites for Construction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-4758","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111338319","display_name":"Katie Schweizer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katie Schweizer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME 04468; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, Univ. of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Rd., Orono, ME 04468"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME 04468; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, Univ. of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Rd., Orono, ME 04468","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082030230","display_name":"Sunil Bhandari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-3095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Bhandari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Research Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME 04468; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, Univ. of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Rd., Orono, ME 04468. ORCID: "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-3095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Research Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME 04468; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, Univ. of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Rd., Orono, ME 04468. ORCID: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032561244","display_name":"Roberto Lopez\u2010Anido","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-0642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7947594","display_name":"University of Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/01adr0w49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto A. Lopez-Anido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME 04468; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, Univ. of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Rd., Orono, ME 04468 (corresponding author). ORCID: "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-0642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME 04468; Advanced Structures and Composites Center, Univ. of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Rd., Orono, ME 04468 (corresponding author). ORCID: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034467918","display_name":"Matthew Korey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2285-5646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Korey","raw_affiliation_strings":["R&D Associate Staff, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830; Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biological Engineering, Univ. of Tennessee, 1512 Middle Drive, 414 Dougherty Engineering Bldg., Knoxville, TN 37996. ORCID: "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2285-5646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"R&D Associate Staff, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830; Dept. of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biological Engineering, Univ. of Tennessee, 1512 Middle Drive, 414 Dougherty Engineering Bldg., Knoxville, TN 37996. ORCID: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011507924","display_name":"Halil Tekinalp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halil Tekinalp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior R&D Staff, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior R&D Staff, Manufacturing Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111338319"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7947594"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89839737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precast-concrete","display_name":"Precast concrete","score":0.9778270721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8171728849411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/casting","display_name":"Casting","score":0.7336214780807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.5887369513511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printed","display_name":"3d printed","score":0.5784274935722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.5783716440200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-concrete","display_name":"Polymer concrete","score":0.47270628809928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.45248016715049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.28261712193489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15422117710113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.07188007235527039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.06727084517478943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125450124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831541","display_name":"Precast concrete","level":2,"score":0.9778270721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8171728849411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16635281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496098","display_name":"Casting","level":2,"score":0.7336214780807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5887369513511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.5784274935722351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.5783716440200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117718488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878576","display_name":"Polymer concrete","level":3,"score":0.47270628809928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.45248016715049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.28261712193489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15422117710113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.07188007235527039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.06727084517478943}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/jccof2.cceng-4758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccof2.cceng-4758","pdf_url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-4758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33209994","display_name":"Journal of Composites for Construction","issn_l":"1090-0268","issn":["1090-0268","1943-5614"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Composites for Construction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/jccof2.cceng-4758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccof2.cceng-4758","pdf_url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/JCCOF2.CCENG-4758","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S33209994","display_name":"Journal of Composites for Construction","issn_l":"1090-0268","issn":["1090-0268","1943-5614"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Composites for Construction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1294571986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4000174848","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1645119126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5726405315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6864165199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7995982022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8086175397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"69A3551847101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8906985441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402771594.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596568334","https://openalex.org/W1976332565","https://openalex.org/W1978828630","https://openalex.org/W1983857747","https://openalex.org/W1985850370","https://openalex.org/W2015011958","https://openalex.org/W2041757412","https://openalex.org/W2071017328","https://openalex.org/W2088662964","https://openalex.org/W2092399118","https://openalex.org/W2171835185","https://openalex.org/W2325613312","https://openalex.org/W2510504616","https://openalex.org/W2749550903","https://openalex.org/W2803162581","https://openalex.org/W2884078754","https://openalex.org/W2894615373","https://openalex.org/W2921487668","https://openalex.org/W2959858195","https://openalex.org/W2967176594","https://openalex.org/W2971631363","https://openalex.org/W2981352604","https://openalex.org/W2990498304","https://openalex.org/W3012049666","https://openalex.org/W3025302138","https://openalex.org/W3047288661","https://openalex.org/W3057706408","https://openalex.org/W3083166237","https://openalex.org/W3159930665","https://openalex.org/W3198594991","https://openalex.org/W3203954038","https://openalex.org/W3210008856","https://openalex.org/W4223490979","https://openalex.org/W4292551540","https://openalex.org/W4302004612","https://openalex.org/W4303418926","https://openalex.org/W4313557219","https://openalex.org/W4313639679","https://openalex.org/W4322505955","https://openalex.org/W4324318643","https://openalex.org/W4385534689","https://openalex.org/W4388738029","https://openalex.org/W4389070436","https://openalex.org/W4392815126","https://openalex.org/W6858575690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214875542","https://openalex.org/W2382955806","https://openalex.org/W648475852","https://openalex.org/W4298335583","https://openalex.org/W2032329706","https://openalex.org/W3041004952","https://openalex.org/W3166628289","https://openalex.org/W2085868078","https://openalex.org/W2127661660","https://openalex.org/W4391378773"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,138,200,219],"use":[1],"of":[2,39,49,99,129,149,189,196,209,216,231,248,265,291],"large-format":[3,41],"three-dimensional":[4],"(3D)":[5],"printed":[6,43,51,101,111,278],"thermoplastic":[7,131],"composites":[8,151],"as":[9,17,109],"formworks":[10,52,279,293],"for":[11],"precast":[12],"concrete":[13],"structures":[14],"has":[15],"emerged":[16],"a":[18],"cost-effective":[19],"solution":[20],"addressing":[21],"challenges":[22],"related":[23],"to":[24,63,105,120,134,144,184,227,255,272,282],"skilled":[25],"labor":[26],"shortages":[27],"and":[28,55,87,114,126,171,192,205],"enabling":[29],"design":[30],"optimization.":[31],"This":[32],"research":[33],"work":[34,283],"investigates":[35],"the":[36,56,122,130,135,146,168,172,186,193,197,206,210,214,225,229,245,249,258,262,266],"technical":[37],"feasibility":[38],"recycling":[40,48,136,181,232,259],"3D":[42,50,64,100,110,277],"polymer":[44,58,73,150,198],"composite":[45,59,74],"formworks.":[46,67,112],"Thermomechanical":[47,180],"was":[53,61,161,182,237,253,270,294],"implemented":[54],"recycled":[57,173,292],"feedstock":[60],"used":[62,70,119],"print":[65],"new":[66],"Two":[68],"commonly":[69],"short-fiber":[71],"reinforced":[72],"materials":[75],"were":[76,103,118,280],"evaluated:":[77],"one":[78,88],"petroleum-based":[79],"material,":[80,90],"carbon":[81],"fiber\u2013filled":[82],"acrylonitrile":[83],"butadiene":[84],"styrene":[85],"(CF-ABS),":[86],"biobased":[89],"wood":[91],"flour\u2013filled":[92],"amorphous":[93],"polylactic":[94],"acid":[95],"(WF-aPLA).":[96],"Mechanical":[97],"properties":[98,128,290],"specimens":[102],"characterized":[104],"evaluate":[106],"their":[107],"suitability":[108],"Physical":[113],"thermal":[115,125,235],"characterization":[116],"methods":[117,143],"understand":[121],"change":[123],"in":[124,163,202,213,222,288],"mechanical":[127,246,263,289],"polymers":[132],"due":[133],"process.":[137,260],"study":[139],"also":[140],"employed":[141],"similar":[142],"assess":[145],"potential":[147,226],"contamination":[148],"with":[152],"cementitious":[153,165],"materials.":[154],"Results":[155],"revealed":[156],"that":[157],"high-pressure":[158],"water":[159],"washing":[160],"effective":[162],"removing":[164],"material":[166,174,211,217,251,268],"from":[167],"formwork":[169],"surface,":[170],"did":[175],"not":[176],"show":[177],"significant":[178],"contamination.":[179],"shown":[183],"reduce":[185],"fiber":[187,203],"length":[188,204],"reinforcing":[190],"fibers":[191],"molecular":[194,207],"weight":[195,208],"material.":[199],"reduction":[201,215,287],"results":[212],"viscosity.":[218],"observed":[220,254,271],"reductions":[221],"viscosity":[223],"have":[224],"limit":[228],"number":[230],"iterations.":[233],"However,":[234,261],"stability":[236],"maintained":[238],"throughout":[239],"all":[240],"processing":[241],"levels.":[242],"In":[243],"addition,":[244],"performance":[247,264],"WF-aPLA":[250],"system":[252,269],"increase":[256],"after":[257,274],"CF-ABS":[267],"decrease":[273],"recycling.":[275],"Recycled":[276],"found":[281],"effectively,":[284],"albeit":[285],"some":[286],"observed.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-03T08:25:01.440150","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}