{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7076050123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6731","title":"Multimodal Fusion of Ground-Penetrating Radar Signals and Images for Tunnel Lining Defects Detection","display_name":"Multimodal Fusion of Ground-Penetrating Radar Signals and Images for Tunnel Lining Defects Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7076050123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liang Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Luyi Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shipeng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shipeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhanping Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanping Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dengfeng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengfeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Naifei Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naifei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Univ. of Architecture and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9593297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.59170001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.59170001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.03660000115633011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.021199999377131462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.7674999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.4049000144004822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.7674999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.6420999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.48260000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45489999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4106455147266388}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2004698524","https://openalex.org/W2026653933","https://openalex.org/W2059929791","https://openalex.org/W2063622629","https://openalex.org/W2074866945","https://openalex.org/W2120390927","https://openalex.org/W2155473288","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2493470163","https://openalex.org/W2511065100","https://openalex.org/W2773189108","https://openalex.org/W2776587772","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2993206477","https://openalex.org/W3005898469","https://openalex.org/W3034147267","https://openalex.org/W3048712411","https://openalex.org/W3092462694","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3120131867","https://openalex.org/W3166140172","https://openalex.org/W3174164794","https://openalex.org/W3192673362","https://openalex.org/W4213345173","https://openalex.org/W4214627427","https://openalex.org/W4220801936","https://openalex.org/W4225262884","https://openalex.org/W4226013992","https://openalex.org/W4226224676","https://openalex.org/W4312412889","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4322761696","https://openalex.org/W4362467842","https://openalex.org/W4377100655","https://openalex.org/W4380880327","https://openalex.org/W4384304559","https://openalex.org/W4386047745","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386300721","https://openalex.org/W4390280453","https://openalex.org/W4390872594","https://openalex.org/W4391305858","https://openalex.org/W4392347296","https://openalex.org/W4392388549","https://openalex.org/W4393193946","https://openalex.org/W4394823804","https://openalex.org/W4399425382","https://openalex.org/W4399889319","https://openalex.org/W4399925594","https://openalex.org/W4403534194","https://openalex.org/W4407226435"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ground-penetrating":[0],"radar":[1],"(GPR)":[2],"has":[3],"become":[4],"a":[5,51,140],"standard":[6],"tool":[7],"for":[8,57,155],"nondestructive":[9],"evaluation":[10],"of":[11,32,92,164,173],"tunnel":[12,58],"lining.":[13],"Nevertheless,":[14],"signal":[15,61,81,94],"noise":[16,46],"can":[17],"lead":[18],"to":[19,27,73,96,105,138],"blurred":[20],"images":[21],"or":[22],"artifacts,":[23],"reducing":[24],"the":[25,64,80,89,93,124,130,160,165],"ability":[26],"distinguish":[28],"between":[29],"different":[30],"types":[31],"defects":[33],"and":[34,44,78,176],"directly":[35],"affecting":[36],"detection":[37,55,125],"accuracy.":[38,99],"To":[39],"optimize":[40],"multimodal":[41,52],"information":[42],"utilization":[43],"mitigate":[45],"interference,":[47],"this":[48,146],"study":[49],"proposes":[50],"GPR":[53,152,166],"defect":[54,107],"model":[56,119,169],"linings.":[59],"Confronting":[60],"interpretation":[62],"complexities,":[63],"proposed":[65],"architecture":[66],"integrates":[67],"ensemble":[68],"empirical":[69],"mode":[70],"decomposition":[71],"(EEMD)":[72],"extract":[74],"abnormal":[75],"frequency":[76],"features":[77,154],"classify":[79],"channels.":[82],"Postprocessing":[83],"operations":[84],"are":[85],"designed":[86],"based":[87],"on":[88],"local":[90],"consistency":[91],"data":[95,153],"enhance":[97],"classification":[98,103],"Subsequent":[100],"analysis":[101],"leverages":[102],"outcomes":[104],"quantify":[106],"dimensions":[108],"through":[109],"adjacent":[110],"same-type":[111],"channel":[112],"enumeration,":[113],"with":[114,126,181],"dynamic":[115],"prior":[116],"box":[117],"enhancing":[118,159],"convergence":[120],"efficiency.":[121],"Building":[122],"upon":[123],"transformers":[127],"(DETR)":[128],"foundation,":[129],"framework":[131],"employs":[132],"module":[133],"decoupling,":[134],"removing":[135],"redundant":[136],"components":[137],"create":[139],"lightweight":[141],"design.":[142],"Experimental":[143],"validation":[144],"demonstrates":[145],"dual-network":[147],"configuration":[148],"effectively":[149],"captures":[150],"cross-modal":[151],"various":[156],"tasks,":[157],"significantly":[158],"feature":[161],"representation":[162],"capacity":[163],"data.":[167,183],"The":[168],"achieves":[170],"an":[171],"accuracy":[172],"over":[174],"93%":[175],"retains":[177],"its":[178],"advantage":[179],"even":[180],"limited":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
