{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413064396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6246","title":"Digitalizing Road Maintenance: A Novel Approach for the Preparation and Integration of 2D and 3D Road Data through Image Shadow Removal and Point Cloud Densification","display_name":"Digitalizing Road Maintenance: A Novel Approach for the Preparation and Integration of 2D and 3D Road Data through Image Shadow Removal and Point Cloud Densification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413064396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ellie Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2942-3946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ellie Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2942-3946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038656509","display_name":"Diana Davletshina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-2612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Davletshina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-2612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014449462","display_name":"Alix Marie d\u2019Avigneau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-6850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131850","display_name":"Costain (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpeth56","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131850"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alix Marie d\u2019Avigneau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cambridge and Costain PLC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-6850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cambridge and Costain PLC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070643955","display_name":"Nicolas Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064876611","display_name":"Lavindra de Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-8006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lavindra de Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009407093","display_name":"Ioannis Brilakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-2083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Brilakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-2083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7112,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71264393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.7811276912689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.621192216873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5771728157997131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.48296135663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47108304500579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.44674667716026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.42500850558280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36773425340652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.36455219984054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3374250531196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.2866666913032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13643032312393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08575066924095154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7811276912689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.621192216873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5771728157997131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.48296135663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47108304500579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44674667716026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.42500850558280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36773425340652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.36455219984054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3374250531196594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.2866666913032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13643032312393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08575066924095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976363322","https://openalex.org/W2054835536","https://openalex.org/W2097033367","https://openalex.org/W2108168925","https://openalex.org/W2124817418","https://openalex.org/W2143373691","https://openalex.org/W2309980582","https://openalex.org/W2330219538","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2625943085","https://openalex.org/W2626737336","https://openalex.org/W2740832349","https://openalex.org/W2790646268","https://openalex.org/W2794739174","https://openalex.org/W2937013468","https://openalex.org/W2941427219","https://openalex.org/W2962782029","https://openalex.org/W2963014378","https://openalex.org/W2969202876","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2990926822","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W2998154526","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3004145342","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3094885158","https://openalex.org/W3099878876","https://openalex.org/W3202215329","https://openalex.org/W4200295500","https://openalex.org/W4281263174","https://openalex.org/W4285082915","https://openalex.org/W4315572613","https://openalex.org/W4361829681","https://openalex.org/W4385801024","https://openalex.org/W4386076096","https://openalex.org/W4400667690","https://openalex.org/W4405401863","https://openalex.org/W4408421140","https://openalex.org/W6675354045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2893218741","https://openalex.org/W2560439919","https://openalex.org/W3132627296","https://openalex.org/W2588867189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,152],"digitalization":[1],"of":[2,25,52,138,154],"road":[3,26,31,53,67,163],"maintenance":[4],"aims":[5],"to":[6,13,18,149],"combine":[7],"digital":[8,78],"technologies":[9],"and":[10,23,43,65,96,133],"harness":[11],"data":[12,32,48,68,119],"revolutionize":[14],"the":[15,20,93,136,146,155],"current":[16,30],"system":[17],"improve":[19],"safety,":[21],"costs,":[22],"sustainability":[24],"networks.":[27],"But":[28],"still,":[29],"suffer":[33],"from":[34],"various":[35],"issues\u2014road":[36],"surface":[37,164],"images":[38],"are":[39,49],"covered":[40],"in":[41,57,76,117,162],"shadows":[42,90,125],"three-dimensional":[44],"(3D)":[45],"point":[46,103,156],"cloud":[47,104,157],"sparse.":[50],"Inspection":[51],"defects":[54,167],"becomes":[55],"problematic":[56],"such":[58],"conditions.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"automates":[62],"two-dimensional":[63],"(2D)":[64],"3D":[66],"preparation,":[69],"which":[70],"will":[71],"play":[72],"a":[73,82,85,97,159],"critical":[74],"role":[75],"these":[77],"advancements.":[79],"We":[80],"propose":[81],"two-fold":[83],"solution:":[84],"physics-based":[86],"shadow-removal":[87],"algorithm":[88],"targeting":[89],"cast":[91],"by":[92],"surveying":[94],"vehicle":[95,124],"Camera-LiDAR":[98],"fusion":[99],"technique":[100],"for":[101],"increasing":[102],"density,":[105],"both":[106],"focusing":[107],"on":[108],"improving":[109],"defects\u2019":[110],"visibility.":[111],"Our":[112],"solution":[113],"shows":[114,158],"significant":[115],"improvements":[116],"automating":[118],"preparation.":[120],"Shadow":[121],"removal":[122],"clears":[123],"with":[126,141],"minimal":[127],"artefacts":[128],"remaining,":[129],"revealing":[130],"crack":[131],"details":[132],"substantially":[134],"enhancing":[135],"performance":[137],"patch":[139],"detection":[140],"more":[142],"than":[143],"four":[144],"times":[145],"precision":[147],"compared":[148],"raw":[150],"images.":[151],"densification":[153],"marked":[160],"increase":[161],"detail,":[165],"making":[166],"visible.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
