{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410170384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6037","title":"The Framework and Implementation of Using Large Language Models to Answer Questions about Building Codes and Standards","display_name":"The Framework and Implementation of Using Large Language Models to Answer Questions about Building Codes and Standards","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410170384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096327656","display_name":"Isaac Joffe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Joffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117467314","display_name":"George Felobes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Felobes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6217-2772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117467315","display_name":"Youssef Elgouhari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youssef Elgouhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117467316","display_name":"Mohammad Talebi Kalaleh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Talebi Kalaleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007265613","display_name":"Qipei Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-3562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qipei Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-3562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031252995","display_name":"Ying Hei Chui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4448-3898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Hei Chui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Alberta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Alberta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.2143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99373793,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5265524387359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.33719438314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.3246954679489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30852341651916504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5265524387359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.33719438314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3246954679489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30852341651916504}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jccee5.cpeng-6037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W941230081","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1813062533","https://openalex.org/W1967622519","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W2043909051","https://openalex.org/W2103438167","https://openalex.org/W2112006025","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2183366530","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2794325560","https://openalex.org/W2872160748","https://openalex.org/W2888956734","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2946609015","https://openalex.org/W2951434086","https://openalex.org/W2962985038","https://openalex.org/W2963323070","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2991582382","https://openalex.org/W3030163527","https://openalex.org/W3034671305","https://openalex.org/W3034879633","https://openalex.org/W3082656268","https://openalex.org/W3083410900","https://openalex.org/W3099700870","https://openalex.org/W3162385798","https://openalex.org/W3169841173","https://openalex.org/W3188283951","https://openalex.org/W3195577433","https://openalex.org/W3196194504","https://openalex.org/W3201174429","https://openalex.org/W3215431778","https://openalex.org/W4200361931","https://openalex.org/W4221143046","https://openalex.org/W4221164017","https://openalex.org/W4224308101","https://openalex.org/W4225591000","https://openalex.org/W4226399820","https://openalex.org/W4285020859","https://openalex.org/W4319793437","https://openalex.org/W4320003957","https://openalex.org/W4322718191","https://openalex.org/W4367176123","https://openalex.org/W4367623495","https://openalex.org/W4380375056","https://openalex.org/W4382173325","https://openalex.org/W4382246105","https://openalex.org/W4382397297","https://openalex.org/W4382998379","https://openalex.org/W4384389802","https://openalex.org/W4384918448","https://openalex.org/W4385569780","https://openalex.org/W4385572634","https://openalex.org/W4386044393","https://openalex.org/W4386566764","https://openalex.org/W4387929411","https://openalex.org/W4388184238","https://openalex.org/W4388277090","https://openalex.org/W4388778348","https://openalex.org/W4388923662","https://openalex.org/W4389519321","https://openalex.org/W4389519585","https://openalex.org/W4389520779","https://openalex.org/W4389984066","https://openalex.org/W4391215636","https://openalex.org/W4391833078","https://openalex.org/W4399598106","https://openalex.org/W4406152279","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6810081322","https://openalex.org/W6849392780","https://openalex.org/W6893007900"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Civil":[0],"and":[1,14,24,42,46,51,73,84,101,169,174],"structural":[2,43],"engineering":[3,32,44],"design":[4,165],"projects":[5],"are":[6,26],"subject":[7],"to":[8,16,70,97,107,112,163,182],"strict":[9],"regulations":[10],"of":[11,21,39,136,144],"relevant":[12],"codes":[13,45],"standards":[15,20,47],"guarantee":[17],"that":[18,30,154,175],"certain":[19],"safety,":[22],"reliability,":[23],"efficiency":[25],"met.":[27],"However,":[28],"ensuring":[29],"all":[31],"designs":[33],"comply":[34],"with":[35,88,125],"the":[36,140,155],"precise":[37],"provisions":[38],"pertinent":[40],"civil":[41],"is":[48],"a":[49,94,126,133,160],"complex":[50,74],"time-consuming":[52],"task":[53],"currently":[54],"completed":[55],"by":[56,120],"professional":[57],"engineers.":[58],"Recent":[59],"advancements":[60],"in":[61,122,167],"artificial":[62],"intelligence":[63],"have":[64],"enabled":[65],"large":[66],"language":[67,124],"models":[68],"(LLMs)":[69],"complete":[71],"abstract":[72],"tasks,":[75],"such":[76],"as":[77],"answering":[78],"questions":[79,115],"based":[80],"on":[81],"provided":[82],"context":[83],"summarizing":[85],"text":[86],"passages,":[87],"high":[89],"accuracy.":[90],"This":[91,129],"work":[92,130,173],"presents":[93,132],"novel":[95],"framework":[96,138,157],"build":[98],"an":[99],"open-source":[100],"scalable":[102],"LLM-based":[103],"application":[104],"allowing":[105],"engineers":[106,166],"quickly":[108],"receive":[109],"accurate":[110],"answers":[111],"their":[113,172],"codes-and-standards-related":[114],"alongside":[116],"corresponding":[117],"citations":[118],"simply":[119],"interacting":[121],"natural":[123],"ChatGPT-style":[127],"chatbot.":[128],"also":[131],"preliminary":[134],"implementation":[135],"this":[137,176],"using":[139],"National":[141],"Building":[142],"Code":[143],"Canada":[145],"2020.":[146],"The":[147],"system":[148],"implemented":[149],"achieves":[150],"promising":[151],"results,":[152],"indicating":[153],"proposed":[156],"may":[158],"be":[159],"useful":[161],"tool":[162],"assist":[164],"efficiently":[168],"effectively":[170],"completing":[171],"approach":[177],"holds":[178],"promise":[179],"for":[180],"applications":[181],"other":[183],"domains.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
