{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909418764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000807","title":"Development of Automatic-Extraction Model of Poisonous Clauses in International Construction Contracts Using Rule-Based NLP","display_name":"Development of Automatic-Extraction Model of Poisonous Clauses in International Construction Contracts Using Rule-Based NLP","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909418764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000807","mag":"2909418764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101989938","display_name":"JeeHee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-3848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JeeHee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Fellow, Dept. of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Dept. of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110479690","display_name":"June-Seong Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"June-Seong Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Dept. of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Dept. of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001780149","display_name":"JeongWook Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3315-4949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JeongWook Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Dept. of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Architectural and Urban Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ., 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110479690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":67.5117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99901957,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.9465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9322999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.8582758903503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-contract","display_name":"Construction contract","score":0.7623227834701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contract-management","display_name":"Contract management","score":0.6265649795532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.610497236251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5933669805526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.47222045063972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4705291986465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.4466719627380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-management","display_name":"Construction management","score":0.441755086183548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22707980871200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.21994343400001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.13649705052375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12893274426460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.12196159362792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.07811275124549866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.8582758903503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780732561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12976132","display_name":"Construction contract","level":3,"score":0.7623227834701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55451941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783273","display_name":"Contract management","level":2,"score":0.6265649795532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.610497236251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5933669805526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47222045063972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4705291986465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.4466719627380371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117110933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q811501","display_name":"Construction management","level":2,"score":0.441755086183548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22707980871200562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21994343400001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.13649705052375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12893274426460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12196159362792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.07811275124549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9328536","https://openalex.org/W148350307","https://openalex.org/W361842921","https://openalex.org/W568510783","https://openalex.org/W1234692112","https://openalex.org/W1488777300","https://openalex.org/W1509125878","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1603391615","https://openalex.org/W1966674091","https://openalex.org/W1967622519","https://openalex.org/W1975633953","https://openalex.org/W1992856986","https://openalex.org/W2020517838","https://openalex.org/W2021515354","https://openalex.org/W2031167046","https://openalex.org/W2036074627","https://openalex.org/W2037807512","https://openalex.org/W2038627180","https://openalex.org/W2050231223","https://openalex.org/W2054644187","https://openalex.org/W2057174383","https://openalex.org/W2063978074","https://openalex.org/W2076383389","https://openalex.org/W2079699189","https://openalex.org/W2135730993","https://openalex.org/W2163490678","https://openalex.org/W2168852042","https://openalex.org/W2171060319","https://openalex.org/W2207774637","https://openalex.org/W2251303013","https://openalex.org/W2406945108","https://openalex.org/W2491397191","https://openalex.org/W2593863766","https://openalex.org/W2606497935","https://openalex.org/W2606754656","https://openalex.org/W2615996648","https://openalex.org/W2739942377","https://openalex.org/W2767448068","https://openalex.org/W2963572611","https://openalex.org/W4229781645","https://openalex.org/W4236931137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348562783","https://openalex.org/W2387754507","https://openalex.org/W2355247278","https://openalex.org/W2391422181","https://openalex.org/W2319820761","https://openalex.org/W2390483756","https://openalex.org/W2384277410","https://openalex.org/W2380617363","https://openalex.org/W2390557140","https://openalex.org/W2388363996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"construction":[1,24,64,70,142],"projects":[2,71],"have":[3,26],"significantly":[4],"increased":[5],"in":[6,82,101,108,135,154],"size":[7],"and":[8,16,34,46,59,162],"become":[9],"more":[10],"complicated,":[11],"the":[12,23,36,55,61,79,83,86,129,133,147,150,160],"number":[13,98],"of":[14,42,57,99,105,116,132,149],"claims":[15,33],"dispute":[17],"cases":[18],"between":[19],"participating":[20],"parties":[21],"during":[22,85],"work":[25,65],"been":[27,179],"continuously":[28],"increasing.":[29],"To":[30],"prevent":[31],"such":[32],"disputes,":[35],"participants":[37],"need":[38],"to":[39,76,94,137],"be":[40],"assured":[41],"their":[43],"contractual":[44],"positions":[45],"rights":[47],"based":[48,119],"on":[49,120],"contract":[50,73,134,139],"facts.":[51],"For":[52],"this":[53,109,155],"reason,":[54],"process":[56],"writing":[58],"reviewing":[60],"contracts":[62,84,100],"for":[63,141],"is":[66,91,173],"crucial.":[67],"Most":[68],"international":[69],"require":[72],"management":[74,140],"teams":[75],"review":[77,95],"all":[78],"possible":[80],"risks":[81],"bidding":[87],"periods.":[88],"However,":[89],"it":[90],"very":[92],"difficult":[93],"a":[96,102,176,185],"vast":[97],"short":[103],"period":[104],"time.":[106],"Therefore,":[107],"study,":[110,156],"we":[111,157],"proposed":[112],"an":[113],"automatic":[114,151],"model":[115,152,177],"contract-risk":[117,187],"extraction":[118],"natural":[121],"language":[122],"processing":[123],"(NLP)":[124],"that":[125,159,181],"can":[126,182],"automatically":[127],"detect":[128],"poisonous":[130],"clauses":[131],"order":[136],"support":[138],"companies":[143],"(contractors).":[144],"In":[145],"validating":[146],"performance":[148],"developed":[153,180],"found":[158],"precision":[161],"recall":[163],"were":[164],"both":[165],"81.8%":[166],"compared":[167],"with":[168],"manual":[169],"review.":[170,188],"This":[171],"study":[172],"meaningful":[174],"since":[175],"has":[178],"carry":[183],"out":[184],"preemptive":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}