{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783085719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000746","title":"Detecting Pavement Joints and Grooves with Improved 3D Shadow Modeling","display_name":"Detecting Pavement Joints and Grooves with Improved 3D Shadow Modeling","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783085719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000746","mag":"2783085719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044296857","display_name":"Allen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-9894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China; Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State Univ., 207 Engineering South, Stillwater, OK 74078","Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China; Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State Univ., 207 Engineering South, Stillwater, OK 74078","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084","https://openalex.org/I115475287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008772277","display_name":"Kelvin C. P. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-2848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelvin C. P. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State Univ., 207 Engineering South, Stillwater, OK 74078; Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China","Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State Univ., 207 Engineering South, Stillwater, OK 74078; Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084","https://openalex.org/I115475287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621009","display_name":"Shi Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-5013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126311","display_name":"Beijing Transportation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03pydk223","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126311"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shi Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering & Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Metropolitan Transportation, College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing Univ. of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China (corresponding author). ORCID: ","Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-5013. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-5013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering & Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Metropolitan Transportation, College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing Univ. of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China (corresponding author). ORCID: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postdoctoral Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1077-5013. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100621009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126311","https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74540232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.7935519218444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6523622870445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-modeling","display_name":"3D modeling","score":0.6133039593696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.53550124168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5251545310020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5235978364944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-processing-unit","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","score":0.5229178667068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5139772295951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5071771144866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.4352274537086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.41195130348205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.31859278678894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24836412072181702}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7935519218444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6523622870445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777897806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568742","display_name":"3D modeling","level":2,"score":0.6133039593696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.53550124168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5251545310020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5235978364944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183484","display_name":"Graphics processing unit","level":2,"score":0.5229178667068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5139772295951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5071771144866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.4352274537086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41195130348205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.31859278678894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24836412072181702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W218213166","https://openalex.org/W586079164","https://openalex.org/W1516386264","https://openalex.org/W1949971277","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W2019496031","https://openalex.org/W2023476765","https://openalex.org/W2031248928","https://openalex.org/W2052904990","https://openalex.org/W2063349855","https://openalex.org/W2085636674","https://openalex.org/W2107837291","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2168131804","https://openalex.org/W2181140111","https://openalex.org/W2310487167","https://openalex.org/W2344464765","https://openalex.org/W2402029329","https://openalex.org/W2589774830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504907250","https://openalex.org/W4387143966","https://openalex.org/W4200295500","https://openalex.org/W2031094984","https://openalex.org/W2316352747","https://openalex.org/W2557434884","https://openalex.org/W2554280219","https://openalex.org/W2161595967","https://openalex.org/W2353014491","https://openalex.org/W2743826367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,190],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,116,174,180],"modification":[4],"of":[5,76,91,99,141,169,193,199,307,311],"the":[6,19,45,50,72,97,104,111,166,170,189,203,244,270,296,308,312],"original":[7,20],"three-dimensional":[8],"(3D)":[9],"shadow":[10,22,31],"modeling":[11,23,32],"for":[12,191,223,233,249,299],"improvements":[13,39],"in":[14,157,188,285],"suppressing":[15],"noises.":[16],"Compared":[17],"with":[18,83,236,252],"3D":[21,30,60,77,106,135,207,210,272,281],"(3D":[24,33],"Shadow":[25,34,61,78,107,136,211,273,282],"Modeling":[26,35,62,79,108,137,212,274,283],"I),":[27],"this":[28],"improved":[29],"II)":[36],"presents":[37],"algorithmic":[38],"to":[40,87,96,153,202,304],"eliminate":[41],"noises":[42,143,156],"by":[43],"inspecting":[44],"general":[46,112],"lighting":[47,65,113],"behaviors":[48,114],"at":[49,55,115,123,129,196],"specified":[51],"local":[52,67,120,133,172,297],"neighborhood":[53,68,121,298],"centered":[54,122],"each":[56,124],"individual":[57],"pixel.":[58,126],"In":[59],"II,":[63,80],"bidirectional":[64],"and":[66,102,146,219,231,240,247,256,265,293],"inspection,":[69],"which":[70],"are":[71,81,238,254],"two":[73,197],"fundamental":[74],"procedures":[75,152],"repeated":[82],"various":[84],"rotation":[85],"angles":[86],"detect":[88],"descended":[89,288,314],"patterns":[90,289],"arbitrary":[92],"orientations.":[93],"With":[94],"respect":[95],"detection":[98],"pavement":[100],"joints":[101,237],"grooves,":[103],"proposed":[105,271],"II":[109,138,213,275],"inspects":[110],"long":[117,131,167],"one-dimensional":[118],"(1D)":[119],"image":[125],"Through":[127],"inspections":[128],"sufficiently":[130],"1D":[132,171],"neighborhoods,":[134],"is":[139,186,260,301],"capable":[140],"eliminating":[142],"more":[144,278],"efficiently":[145],"does":[147],"not":[148],"require":[149],"any":[150],"subsequent":[151],"further":[154,263],"remove":[155],"most":[158],"cases.":[159],"To":[160],"support":[161],"intensive":[162],"computations":[163],"resulting":[164],"from":[165],"length":[168],"neighborhood,":[173],"massively":[175],"parallel":[176],"computing":[177],"method":[178],"using":[179],"general-purpose":[181],"graphics":[182],"processing":[183],"unit":[184],"(GPU)":[185],"developed":[187],"improvement":[192],"computational":[194],"efficiency":[195],"orders":[198],"magnitude.":[200],"According":[201],"experiments":[204],"on":[205],"200":[206],"testing":[208,226,234,250],"images,":[209],"can":[214],"produce":[215],"consistently":[216],"high":[217],"precisions":[218],"recalls":[220],"over":[221],"90%":[222],"almost":[224],"all":[225],"images.":[227],"The":[228],"overall":[229,245],"precision":[230,246],"recall":[232,248],"images":[235,251],"98.58":[239],"97.46%":[241],"respectively,":[242],"while":[243],"grooves":[253],"96.49":[255],"93.87%":[257],"respectively.":[258],"It":[259],"anticipated":[261],"that":[262,269],"research":[264],"development":[266],"will":[267],"demonstrate":[268],"would":[276],"be":[277],"competitive":[279],"than":[280],"I":[284],"detecting":[286],"other":[287],"such":[290],"as":[291],"cracks":[292],"potholes,":[294],"once":[295],"inspection":[300],"defined":[302],"properly":[303],"take":[305],"advantage":[306],"geometric":[309],"features":[310],"target":[313],"patterns.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}