{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2526166515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000623","title":"Automated Detection of Multiple Pavement Defects","display_name":"Automated Detection of Multiple Pavement Defects","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2526166515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000623","mag":"2526166515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.631","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042095457","display_name":"Stefania C. Radopoulou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-822X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefania C. Radopoulou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Student, Division of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Engineering, Univ. of Cambridge, ISG-62, Trumpington St., Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K. (corresponding author). ORCID: ","Ph.D. Student, Division of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Engineering, Univ. of Cambridge, ISG-62, Trumpington St., Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K.. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-822X. E-mail:"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-822X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Student, Division of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Engineering, Univ. of Cambridge, ISG-62, Trumpington St., Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K. (corresponding author). ORCID: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Student, Division of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Engineering, Univ. of Cambridge, ISG-62, Trumpington St., Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K.. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-822X. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009407093","display_name":"Ioannis Brilakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-2083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Brilakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laing O\u2019Rourke Lecturer of Construction Engineering, Dept. of Engineering, Univ. of Cambridge, BC2-07, Trumpington St., Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laing O\u2019Rourke Lecturer of Construction Engineering, Dept. of Engineering, Univ. of Cambridge, BC2-07, Trumpington St., Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042095457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.1075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98955442,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.694870114326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6443654298782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5864197015762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5602303147315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4762987196445465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4270368814468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3769935369491577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.694870114326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6443654298782349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5864197015762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5602303147315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4762987196445465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4270368814468384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3769935369491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/256696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/256696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:939067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/939067/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2934655461","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Centre for Smart Infrastructure and Construction - Collaborative Programme Tranche 2","funder_award_id":"EP/L010917/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3567358463","display_name":"CSIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre Phase 2","funder_award_id":"EP/N021614/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6514736062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L010917/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6924865128","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N021614/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72888894","https://openalex.org/W100149687","https://openalex.org/W292999633","https://openalex.org/W765530058","https://openalex.org/W806685480","https://openalex.org/W818696489","https://openalex.org/W934757427","https://openalex.org/W1501192708","https://openalex.org/W1516386264","https://openalex.org/W1526204103","https://openalex.org/W1548953334","https://openalex.org/W1565456886","https://openalex.org/W1590581903","https://openalex.org/W1595229331","https://openalex.org/W1838423138","https://openalex.org/W1873332500","https://openalex.org/W1960097882","https://openalex.org/W1969393996","https://openalex.org/W1975831815","https://openalex.org/W1978076826","https://openalex.org/W1979725064","https://openalex.org/W1982863081","https://openalex.org/W1987481277","https://openalex.org/W1988653082","https://openalex.org/W1995292203","https://openalex.org/W1998462701","https://openalex.org/W1999478155","https://openalex.org/W2009263595","https://openalex.org/W2010688597","https://openalex.org/W2012384823","https://openalex.org/W2015100754","https://openalex.org/W2019496031","https://openalex.org/W2021555889","https://openalex.org/W2028143024","https://openalex.org/W2033294017","https://openalex.org/W2033819500","https://openalex.org/W2034083022","https://openalex.org/W2037325199","https://openalex.org/W2037377992","https://openalex.org/W2038749497","https://openalex.org/W2041508999","https://openalex.org/W2041605286","https://openalex.org/W2047357096","https://openalex.org/W2051022815","https://openalex.org/W2051813245","https://openalex.org/W2051888663","https://openalex.org/W2054279472","https://openalex.org/W2054793796","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2057423252","https://openalex.org/W2059208457","https://openalex.org/W2059713017","https://openalex.org/W2063413791","https://openalex.org/W2069182664","https://openalex.org/W2075502112","https://openalex.org/W2075631365","https://openalex.org/W2079224300","https://openalex.org/W2081334459","https://openalex.org/W2084425001","https://openalex.org/W2088224201","https://openalex.org/W2096352448","https://openalex.org/W2096357710","https://openalex.org/W2096487733","https://openalex.org/W2097500895","https://openalex.org/W2097886433","https://openalex.org/W2099296360","https://openalex.org/W2099531274","https://openalex.org/W2114288178","https://openalex.org/W2118087936","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2118545852","https://openalex.org/W2119531662","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2120539693","https://openalex.org/W2120841936","https://openalex.org/W2123583381","https://openalex.org/W2130432690","https://openalex.org/W2133218851","https://openalex.org/W2135427252","https://openalex.org/W2138014601","https://openalex.org/W2142827986","https://openalex.org/W2144196483","https://openalex.org/W2144494816","https://openalex.org/W2144738808","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2153640572","https://openalex.org/W2156740850","https://openalex.org/W2159219103","https://openalex.org/W2160191725","https://openalex.org/W2167660088","https://openalex.org/W2287338498","https://openalex.org/W2319723524","https://openalex.org/W2337206993","https://openalex.org/W2359933365","https://openalex.org/W2542711146","https://openalex.org/W2588219731","https://openalex.org/W3016377105","https://openalex.org/W3102168793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982321410","https://openalex.org/W95465806","https://openalex.org/W2392004567","https://openalex.org/W2046296964","https://openalex.org/W2940029036","https://openalex.org/W4388292429","https://openalex.org/W2756595502","https://openalex.org/W2010789764","https://openalex.org/W2187233292","https://openalex.org/W2219281195"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowing":[0],"the":[1,27,50,89,108,111,116,120,130,138,143,147,193,219,228],"pavement":[2,59,121,216,237],"condition":[3,32],"is":[4,14,107,124,149,207],"essential":[5],"for":[6,44,159,165,171,177,181,199,213,226],"efficiently":[7],"deciding":[8],"on":[9,35,99,137,192],"maintenance":[10],"programs.":[11],"Current":[12],"practice":[13],"predominantly":[15],"manual":[16,238],"with":[17,152],"only":[18,115],"0.4%":[19],"of":[20,69,78,103,110,119,133,140,146,155,195,204,230],"inspections":[21],"happening":[22],"automatically.":[23],"All":[24],"methods":[25],"in":[26,72],"literature":[28],"aiming":[29],"at":[30,38,218],"automating":[31],"assessment":[33],"focus":[34],"two":[36,76],"defects":[37,60,70,217],"most,":[39],"or":[40],"are":[41,75],"too":[42],"expensive":[43],"practical":[45],"application.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,73,205],"paper,":[49],"authors":[51],"propose":[52],"a":[53,96,100,153,224,233],"low-cost":[54],"method":[55,87,148,212,225],"that":[56],"automatically":[57],"detects":[58],"simultaneously":[61],"using":[62,126],"parking":[63],"camera":[64],"video":[65,112,196,234],"data.":[66],"The":[67,86,179,202],"types":[68,77],"addressed":[71],"paper":[74,206],"cracks":[79],"(longitudinal":[80],"and":[81,84,173,183,222],"transverse),":[82],"patches,":[83,172],"potholes.":[85,178],"uses":[88],"semantic":[90],"texton":[91],"forests":[92],"(STFs)":[93],"algorithm":[94],"as":[95],"supervised":[97],"classifier":[98],"calibrated":[101],"region":[102,229],"interest":[104,231],"(myROI),":[105],"which":[106],"area":[109],"frame":[113,235],"depicting":[114],"usable":[117],"part":[118],"lane.":[122],"It":[123],"validated":[125],"data":[127],"collected":[128],"from":[129,186],"local":[131],"streets":[132],"Cambridge,":[134],"U.K.":[135],"Based":[136],"results":[139],"multiple":[141],"experiments,":[142],"overall":[144],"accuracy":[145],"above":[150],"82%,":[151],"precision":[154],"more":[156,162,168,174],"than":[157,163,169,175],"91%":[158],"longitudinal":[160],"cracks,":[161,167],"81%":[164],"transverse":[166],"88%":[170],"76%":[176],"duration":[180],"training":[182],"classifying":[184],"spans":[185],"25":[187],"to":[188],"150":[189],"min,":[190],"depending":[191],"number":[194],"frames":[197],"used":[198],"each":[200],"experiment.":[201],"contribution":[203],"dual:":[208],"(1)":[209],"an":[210],"automated":[211],"detecting":[214],"several":[215],"same":[220],"time,":[221],"(2)":[223],"calculating":[227],"within":[232],"considering":[236],"guidelines.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-03T07:22:36.454288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
