{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2508119663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000620","title":"New Observations on the Application of LS-SVM in Slope System Reliability Analysis","display_name":"New Observations on the Application of LS-SVM in Slope System Reliability Analysis","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2508119663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000620","mag":"2508119663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057340476","display_name":"Jian Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-2685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. ORCID:","Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-2685"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-2685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. ORCID:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-2685","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051853887","display_name":"Chunshun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9407-7313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunshun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visiting Scholar, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China Univ. of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia","Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visiting Scholar, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China Univ. of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053592741","display_name":"Yilin Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-3888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Fellow, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological Univ., Singapore 639798"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Fellow, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological Univ., Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042831541","display_name":"Qing L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0466-2936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing L\u00fc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084338931","display_name":"Jayantha Kodikara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1725-7972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayantha Kodikara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ., Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042831541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9746912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12293","display_name":"Dam Engineering and Safety","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7707564234733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.687451958656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6332999467849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5860676169395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5814982652664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slope-stability","display_name":"Slope stability","score":0.580082356929779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5244051218032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-of-safety","display_name":"Factor of safety","score":0.4867677688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47304314374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43792420625686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3832729160785675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3721238970756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33130478858947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28637832403182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23874184489250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.20591771602630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.15209543704986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09177955985069275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7707564234733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.687451958656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6332999467849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5860676169395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5814982652664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110069353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961278","display_name":"Slope stability","level":2,"score":0.580082356929779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5244051218032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17116066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034862","display_name":"Factor of safety","level":2,"score":0.4867677688598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47304314374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43792420625686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3832729160785675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3721238970756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33130478858947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28637832403182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23874184489250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20591771602630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15209543704986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09177955985069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119428382","https://openalex.org/W1496317909","https://openalex.org/W1596717185","https://openalex.org/W1869391892","https://openalex.org/W1972550919","https://openalex.org/W1975048675","https://openalex.org/W1978996791","https://openalex.org/W1979547539","https://openalex.org/W1980801609","https://openalex.org/W1985849618","https://openalex.org/W1996226468","https://openalex.org/W1997052242","https://openalex.org/W2004877975","https://openalex.org/W2022740958","https://openalex.org/W2038726880","https://openalex.org/W2041387835","https://openalex.org/W2041592889","https://openalex.org/W2045744921","https://openalex.org/W2056254225","https://openalex.org/W2060330047","https://openalex.org/W2060913656","https://openalex.org/W2062113845","https://openalex.org/W2066924236","https://openalex.org/W2067130442","https://openalex.org/W2071596551","https://openalex.org/W2080962848","https://openalex.org/W2098720801","https://openalex.org/W2109943925","https://openalex.org/W2117560205","https://openalex.org/W2120568063","https://openalex.org/W2122445794","https://openalex.org/W2131320212","https://openalex.org/W2139173102","https://openalex.org/W2152120135","https://openalex.org/W2155286193","https://openalex.org/W2171993497","https://openalex.org/W2307774491","https://openalex.org/W3213827091","https://openalex.org/W4211049957","https://openalex.org/W4230674625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347815723","https://openalex.org/W4316658362","https://openalex.org/W2017966632","https://openalex.org/W2386190563","https://openalex.org/W2357739672","https://openalex.org/W2907925789","https://openalex.org/W4220853709","https://openalex.org/W2172208716","https://openalex.org/W2360464161","https://openalex.org/W4300613589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,155],"stability":[1,114],"evaluation":[2,22,247],"of":[3,18,27,29,49,68,91,106,122,125,131,150,157,175,201,225,248],"earth":[4],"slopes":[5,39,95,203],"is":[6,32,42,152,160,186,234,239],"a":[7,242],"common":[8],"practice":[9,41],"in":[10,40,87],"geotechnical":[11],"designs.":[12],"To":[13],"account":[14],"for":[15,37,111,140,245],"uncertain":[16],"characteristics":[17,200],"soil":[19,209],"properties,":[20],"probabilistic":[21,61,112],"that":[23,191,236],"requires":[24],"repeated":[25],"calculations":[26],"factor":[28],"safety":[30],"(FoS)":[31],"inevitably":[33],"encountered.":[34,220],"Because":[35],"FoS":[36,151,231],"most":[38],"computed":[43],"numerically":[44],"due":[45],"to":[46,58,93,128,171],"the":[47,60,66,77,88,104,116,120,129,132,142,147,158,173,182,192,198,207,223,237,246],"lack":[48],"analytical":[50],"solutions,":[51],"various":[52],"surrogate":[53,73],"models":[54,74],"are":[55,100,169,211],"usually":[56],"developed":[57],"ease":[59],"evaluation.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"investigates":[65],"probability":[67,224],"slope":[69,113,165],"system":[70],"failure":[71,98,226],"with":[72,96],"based":[75],"on":[76,181,222],"least-squares":[78],"support":[79],"vector":[80],"machine":[81],"(LS-SVM)":[82],"regression.":[83],"First,":[84],"some":[85,215],"limitations":[86],"current":[89],"application":[90,156],"LS-SVM":[92,133,159,193,238],"complex":[94,202,249],"multiple":[97],"modes":[99],"pointed":[101],"out.":[102],"In":[103],"context":[105],"Monte":[107],"Carlo":[108],"simulations":[109],"(MCS)":[110],"evaluation,":[115],"authors":[117],"first":[118],"discuss":[119],"importance":[121],"space":[123],"filling":[124],"training":[126,143,176],"data":[127,144,177],"success":[130],"and":[134,179,241],"then":[135],"propose":[136],"an":[137],"efficient":[138],"routine":[139],"generating":[141],"by":[145,229],"which":[146],"global":[148,199],"prediction":[149,227],"reasonably":[153,196],"guaranteed.":[154],"illustrated":[161],"through":[162],"two":[163],"well-documented":[164],"examples.":[166],"Comparative":[167],"studies":[168],"conducted":[170],"identify":[172],"effect":[174],"size":[178],"hyperparameters":[180],"model":[183,194],"performance.":[184],"It":[185],"observed":[187],"from":[188],"this":[189],"study":[190],"can":[195],"capture":[197],"only":[204],"when":[205],"all":[206],"relevant":[208],"layers":[210],"treated":[212],"probabilistically;":[213],"otherwise,":[214],"local":[216],"inconsistency":[217],"could":[218],"be":[219],"Focusing":[221],"defined":[228],"different":[230],"thresholds,":[232],"it":[233],"shown":[235],"robust":[240],"promising":[243],"method":[244],"slopes.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}