{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345457541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000589","title":"Two 4D Models Effective in Reducing False Alarms for Struck-by-Equipment Hazard Prevention","display_name":"Two 4D Models Effective in Reducing False Alarms for Struck-by-Equipment Hazard Prevention","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345457541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000589","mag":"2345457541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384910","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-4050"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering, McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4J7 (corresponding author)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering, McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4J7 (corresponding author)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031121913","display_name":"Saiedeh Razavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-3609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saiedeh Razavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor and Chair in Heavy Construction, Dept. of Civil Engineering, McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4J7","Assistant Professor and Chair in Heavy Construction, Dept. of Civil Engineering, McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4J7. E-mail:"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor and Chair in Heavy Construction, Dept. of Civil Engineering, McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4J7","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor and Chair in Heavy Construction, Dept. of Civil Engineering, McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4J7. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100384910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6437,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95549512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"6","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.6689341068267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuboid","display_name":"Cuboid","score":0.5721977949142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard","display_name":"Hazard","score":0.5699765682220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5351093411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positives-and-false-negatives","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","score":0.48765742778778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.46375754475593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.4632633328437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.43114370107650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42518681287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4214550852775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3800194561481476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.36317652463912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33798646926879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28898847103118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.11703118681907654}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.6689341068267822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203527163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q262959","display_name":"Cuboid","level":2,"score":0.5721977949142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.5699765682220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5351093411445618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112789634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207010","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","level":3,"score":0.48765742778778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.46375754475593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4632633328437805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.43114370107650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42518681287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4214550852775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3800194561481476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36317652463912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33798646926879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28898847103118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.11703118681907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499199338","https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1968424563","https://openalex.org/W1976418985","https://openalex.org/W1977402971","https://openalex.org/W1978251017","https://openalex.org/W1987091041","https://openalex.org/W1993452254","https://openalex.org/W1998951664","https://openalex.org/W2004141834","https://openalex.org/W2005102720","https://openalex.org/W2005746601","https://openalex.org/W2006097535","https://openalex.org/W2007164427","https://openalex.org/W2029649988","https://openalex.org/W2038944326","https://openalex.org/W2042425579","https://openalex.org/W2045293983","https://openalex.org/W2045382884","https://openalex.org/W2045680473","https://openalex.org/W2046022806","https://openalex.org/W2046337672","https://openalex.org/W2051566730","https://openalex.org/W2054945187","https://openalex.org/W2056009032","https://openalex.org/W2057182039","https://openalex.org/W2064184472","https://openalex.org/W2069152117","https://openalex.org/W2074246998","https://openalex.org/W2078156987","https://openalex.org/W2082299583","https://openalex.org/W2094539937","https://openalex.org/W2096512267","https://openalex.org/W2108029182","https://openalex.org/W2123135098","https://openalex.org/W2125029211","https://openalex.org/W2135623443","https://openalex.org/W2136014417","https://openalex.org/W2141157416","https://openalex.org/W2143754979","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2151089537","https://openalex.org/W2238582461","https://openalex.org/W2312673652","https://openalex.org/W2325784919","https://openalex.org/W2341870299","https://openalex.org/W2343123695","https://openalex.org/W2483070895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557094818","https://openalex.org/W2183246718","https://openalex.org/W4292605373","https://openalex.org/W1973412793","https://openalex.org/W4226316650","https://openalex.org/W2099261052","https://openalex.org/W2951146195","https://openalex.org/W3123215897","https://openalex.org/W2153600354","https://openalex.org/W4243739114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,14,87,119,135,143,173,185,192,195,220,244,248,257,267,283],"past":[2],"decade,":[3],"several":[4,302],"smart":[5],"and":[6,37,70,78,107,109,113,117,139,148,154,164,181,201,214,260,282,289,310,318,320,332],"automated":[7],"systems":[8],"have":[9,51,225],"been":[10,54],"developed":[11,94,174,222,293],"to":[12,142],"address":[13],"issue":[15],"of":[16,89,172,194,203,243,274,304],"struck-by":[17,49],"hazards":[18,50],"in":[19,42,85,316],"construction\u2014that":[20],"is,":[21],"workers":[22,125,321],"on":[23,198,240,322],"foot":[24],"struck":[25,30],"by":[26,31,128,247,255,265],"equipment":[27,29,123,319],"or":[28,57,124,131],"equipment.":[32],"False":[33],"alarms":[34,245,326],"(false":[35],"positives":[36],"false":[38,90,212,215,231,325],"negatives)":[39],"are":[40,83,276],"common":[41],"such":[43],"systems,":[44],"but":[45],"methods":[46],"for":[47,59,206,229,301],"limiting":[48],"not":[52,188],"yet":[53],"thoroughly":[55],"studied":[56],"tested":[58],"real-world":[60],"implementations.":[61],"This":[62],"study":[63,196],"presents":[64],"two":[65,204,221],"novel":[66],"four-dimensional":[67],"(4D)":[68],"[time":[69],"three-dimensional":[71],"(3D)":[72],"space]":[73],"models,":[74],"a":[75,79,129,132,165,226],"time-sphere":[76,258],"model":[77,259,278,280,290],"time-cuboid":[80,268],"model,":[81,96],"that":[82,219,239,307],"effective":[84],"reducing":[86,230],"rate":[88],"alarms.":[91,232],"In":[92],"each":[93],"4D":[95,175,223,295],"(1)":[97],"entities\u2019":[98,144],"state":[99,146],"information,":[100],"including":[101],"3D":[102,167],"position,":[103,160],"orientation":[104],"(roll,":[105],"pitch,":[106],"yaw),":[108],"velocity,":[110],"is":[111,126],"acquired":[112],"analyzed":[114],"over":[115],"time;":[116],"(2)":[118],"hazardous":[120],"area":[121],"around":[122],"represented":[127],"sphere":[130],"cuboid":[133],"with":[134],"warning":[136],"distance":[137],"adjusted":[138],"updated":[140],"according":[141],"collected":[145],"information;":[147],"(3)":[149],"unsafe-proximity":[150,168],"query":[151],"rules":[152],"identify":[153],"predict":[155],"contact":[156,305],"collisions":[157],"using":[158,256,266],"relative":[159],"moving":[161],"direction,":[162],"speed,":[163],"pairwise":[166],"query.":[169],"The":[170,210,233,292],"effectiveness":[171],"models":[176,205,224,296],"was":[177,197],"evaluated":[178],"through":[179],"simulation":[180],"field":[182],"experiments;":[183],"however,":[184],"data":[186],"were":[187],"wirelessly":[189],"communicated":[190],"because":[191],"focus":[193],"development,":[199],"analysis,":[200,281],"comparison":[202],"safety":[207],"hazard":[208],"identification.":[209],"obtained":[211,234],"positive":[213],"negative":[216],"rates":[217],"indicate":[218],"strong":[227],"capability":[228],"reduced":[235,264],"alarm":[236],"percentages":[237],"imply":[238],"average":[241],"65%":[242],"triggered":[246],"most":[249],"prevalent":[250],"method":[251],"can":[252,262,297],"be":[253,263,299],"averted":[254],"81%":[261],"model.":[269],"Furthermore,":[270],"three":[271],"major":[272],"categories":[273],"findings":[275],"summarized:":[277],"comparison,":[279],"relationship":[284],"between":[285],"alert":[286],"zone":[287],"dimensions":[288],"performance.":[291],"rigorous":[294],"also":[298],"employed":[300],"types":[303],"collision":[306],"involve":[308],"temporal":[309],"permanent":[311],"site":[312],"facilities,":[313],"materials":[314],"transported":[315],"air,":[317],"foot.":[323],"Reduced":[324],"will":[327],"improve":[328],"construction":[329],"safety,":[330],"productivity,":[331],"mobility.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
