{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092336063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000452","title":"Using Genetic Algorithms for Optimizing the PPC in the Highway Horizontal Alignment Design","display_name":"Using Genetic Algorithms for Optimizing the PPC in the Highway Horizontal Alignment Design","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092336063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000452","mag":"2092336063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049903758","display_name":"Gaetano Bosurgi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0782-5510"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Bosurgi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil, Computer, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, and Applied Mathematics, Univ. of Messina, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy (corresponding author)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil, Computer, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, and Applied Mathematics, Univ. of Messina, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy (corresponding author)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005328090","display_name":"Orazio Pellegrino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7990-3581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orazio Pellegrino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil, Computer, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, and Applied Mathematics, Univ. of Messina, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil, Computer, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, and Applied Mathematics, Univ. of Messina, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060215029","display_name":"Giuseppe Sollazzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Sollazzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Civil, Computer, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, and Applied Mathematics, Univ. of Messina, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Civil, Computer, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, and Applied Mathematics, Univ. of Messina, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049903758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82410319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11245","display_name":"Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13752","display_name":"Mechanics and Biomechanics Studies","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13732","display_name":"Aerospace, Electronics, Mathematical Modeling","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometric-design","display_name":"Geometric design","score":0.6531441807746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.557651698589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.5539019107818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5453405380249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5380906462669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5114723443984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.47086301445961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4669407904148102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.44791823625564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44291532039642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.308108925819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1672074794769287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40319758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535477","display_name":"Geometric design","level":2,"score":0.6531441807746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.557651698589325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.5539019107818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5453405380249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5380906462669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5114723443984985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.47086301445961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4669407904148102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44791823625564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44291532039642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.308108925819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1672074794769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/355707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10447/355707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595504207","https://openalex.org/W630843719","https://openalex.org/W641068341","https://openalex.org/W1544863784","https://openalex.org/W1577711620","https://openalex.org/W1972598220","https://openalex.org/W1975050824","https://openalex.org/W1977186894","https://openalex.org/W1978613270","https://openalex.org/W1982978100","https://openalex.org/W1990257465","https://openalex.org/W1993592130","https://openalex.org/W1998056562","https://openalex.org/W1999945010","https://openalex.org/W2003752473","https://openalex.org/W2009620679","https://openalex.org/W2021937471","https://openalex.org/W2041953111","https://openalex.org/W2054004072","https://openalex.org/W2121811843","https://openalex.org/W2142183404","https://openalex.org/W2150154527","https://openalex.org/W2158015078","https://openalex.org/W2171303294","https://openalex.org/W2186893758","https://openalex.org/W2551507868","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4301173492","https://openalex.org/W6683267296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390829436","https://openalex.org/W1971289376","https://openalex.org/W1989791859","https://openalex.org/W2565094479","https://openalex.org/W602859758","https://openalex.org/W2379101322","https://openalex.org/W2726447019","https://openalex.org/W1992553864","https://openalex.org/W2006439817","https://openalex.org/W2379877967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"emphasized":[3],"the":[4,9,17,30,83,86,121,125,136,148,162,165,173,177,180,184,199],"interesting":[5],"advantages":[6,75],"related":[7,90],"to":[8,91,141,171],"use":[10],"of":[11,20,29,85,97,99,124,158,179,183],"new":[12],"transition":[13,58],"curves":[14],"for":[15,119,160],"improving":[16],"geometric":[18,174],"design":[19,48],"highway":[21],"horizontal":[22],"alignments.":[23],"In":[24,109,130],"a":[25,33,37,52,77,132,155,189],"previous":[26],"paper,":[27,111],"one":[28],"writers":[31],"proposed":[32],"polynomial":[34,38],"curve,":[35],"called":[36],"parametric":[39],"curve":[40],"(PPC),":[41],"proving":[42],"its":[43],"efficiency":[44],"in":[45,139],"solving":[46],"several":[47],"problems":[49],"characterized":[50],"by":[51,82,198],"very":[53],"complex":[54],"geometry":[55],"(egg-shaped":[56],"transition,":[57],"between":[59],"reversing":[60],"circular":[61],"curves,":[62],"semidirect":[63],"and":[64,67,106,167,176,191],"inner-loop":[65],"connections,":[66],"so":[68,107],"on).":[69,108],"The":[70],"PPC":[71,126,150],"also":[72],"showed":[73],"considerable":[74],"from":[76,154],"dynamic":[78,88,156,181],"perspective,":[79],"as":[80,95],"evidenced":[81],"analysis":[84],"main":[87],"variables":[89,182],"motion":[92],"(as":[93],"well":[94],"rate":[96],"change":[98],"radial":[100],"acceleration,":[101],"steering":[102],"speed,":[103,105],"roll":[104],"this":[110],"an":[112,143],"optimization":[113],"procedure":[114],"using":[115,186],"genetic":[116],"algorithms":[117],"(GAs)":[118],"selecting":[120],"different":[122],"parameters":[123],"has":[127,194],"been":[128,195],"proposed.":[129],"particular,":[131],"specific":[133,190],"algorithm":[134],"defines":[135],"parameter":[137],"values":[138],"order":[140],"minimize":[142],"appropriate":[144],"fitness":[145],"function.":[146],"Besides,":[147],"final":[149],"can":[151],"be":[152],"examined":[153],"point":[157],"view":[159],"evaluating":[161],"compliance":[163],"with":[164],"comfort":[166],"safety":[168],"conditions.":[169],"Moreover,":[170],"simplify":[172],"representation":[175],"calculation":[178],"PPC,":[185],"computer":[187],"software,":[188],"innovative":[192],"routine":[193],"specifically":[196],"developed":[197],"writers.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
