{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120998579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000305","title":"<i>OpenSees</i> Software Architecture for the Analysis of Structures in Fire","display_name":"<i>OpenSees</i> Software Architecture for the Analysis of Structures in Fire","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120998579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000305","mag":"2120998579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000305","pdf_url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CP.1943-5487.0000305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CP.1943-5487.0000305","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100669099","display_name":"Jian Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8021-9851"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postdoctor, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji Univ., No. 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China (corresponding author)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postdoctor, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji Univ., No. 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China (corresponding author)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071682462","display_name":"Liming Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8112-2330"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liming Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Candidate, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Univ. of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JL, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Candidate, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Univ. of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JL, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074710218","display_name":"Panagiotis Kotsovinos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2234-0420"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Kotsovinos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Candidate, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Univ. of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JL, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Candidate, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Univ. of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JL, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100623138","display_name":"Jian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8089-538X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Candidate, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Univ. of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JL, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Candidate, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Univ. of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JL, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034098025","display_name":"Asif Usmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-5737"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asif Usmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Univ. of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JL, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Univ. of Edinburgh, The King\u2019s Buildings, West Mains Rd., Edinburgh EH9 3JL, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049642625","display_name":"Frank McKenna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank McKenna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Engineer, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Engineer, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110740343","display_name":"Guo\u2010Qiang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo-Qiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, China State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji Univ., No. 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, China State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji Univ., No. 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100669099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4627,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9601839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12102","display_name":"Fire effects on concrete materials","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12102","display_name":"Fire effects on concrete materials","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11874","display_name":"Structural Response to Dynamic Loads","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opensees","display_name":"OpenSees","score":0.9080488681793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.623314380645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5163384675979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4926033616065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-protection-engineering","display_name":"Fire protection engineering","score":0.4615708589553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4154418706893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.4090614914894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.2289474904537201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140590641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095877","display_name":"OpenSees","level":3,"score":0.9080488681793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.623314380645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5163384675979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4926033616065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145725615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567716","display_name":"Fire protection engineering","level":2,"score":0.4615708589553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4154418706893921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4090614914894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.2289474904537201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000305","pdf_url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CP.1943-5487.0000305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/08c88304-0c3a-457c-9930-598d4bba2ff7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/08c88304-0c3a-457c-9930-598d4bba2ff7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/08c88304-0c3a-457c-9930-598d4bba2ff7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/08c88304-0c3a-457c-9930-598d4bba2ff7","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/08c88304-0c3a-457c-9930-598d4bba2ff7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Jiang, J, Jiang, L, Kotsovinos, P, Zhang, J, Usmani, A, McKenna, F & Li, G-Q 2015, 'OpenSees software architecture for the analysis of structures in fire', Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE, vol. 29. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000305","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000305","pdf_url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CP.1943-5487.0000305","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3215312502","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51120185001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311518","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320332","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2120998579.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2120998579.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27695090","https://openalex.org/W114428104","https://openalex.org/W598341450","https://openalex.org/W1964968046","https://openalex.org/W1967122295","https://openalex.org/W1967146807","https://openalex.org/W1973559243","https://openalex.org/W1981795520","https://openalex.org/W2011856819","https://openalex.org/W2017973373","https://openalex.org/W2023033831","https://openalex.org/W2026103166","https://openalex.org/W2032730966","https://openalex.org/W2032734008","https://openalex.org/W2033520799","https://openalex.org/W2044116838","https://openalex.org/W2049225317","https://openalex.org/W2057642726","https://openalex.org/W2061517730","https://openalex.org/W2062814943","https://openalex.org/W2065181899","https://openalex.org/W2072407323","https://openalex.org/W2072802166","https://openalex.org/W2074181607","https://openalex.org/W2077240624","https://openalex.org/W2082381849","https://openalex.org/W2082620113","https://openalex.org/W2088595071","https://openalex.org/W2129489531","https://openalex.org/W2130542430","https://openalex.org/W2153888931","https://openalex.org/W2158586668","https://openalex.org/W2159041671","https://openalex.org/W2160973573","https://openalex.org/W2165014986","https://openalex.org/W2172879697","https://openalex.org/W2186354314","https://openalex.org/W2317924884","https://openalex.org/W2327625990","https://openalex.org/W2624009117","https://openalex.org/W2729833727","https://openalex.org/W2733962201","https://openalex.org/W2747996089","https://openalex.org/W2792480506","https://openalex.org/W2986348978","https://openalex.org/W3099034743","https://openalex.org/W4238462300","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301077883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352594742","https://openalex.org/W2359802560","https://openalex.org/W2002863603","https://openalex.org/W1995892522","https://openalex.org/W2474983472","https://openalex.org/W2508308768","https://openalex.org/W2070207256","https://openalex.org/W4382359131","https://openalex.org/W3194092471","https://openalex.org/W3159334281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computational":[0],"modeling":[1,108,147,328],"of":[2,23,69,91,107,114,148,156,212,219,248,261,269,320,329,340,359],"structures":[3,149],"subjected":[4],"to":[5,60,97,121,144,163,169,171,181,316,346,378],"extreme":[6],"static":[7],"and":[8,16,35,65,93,102,123,186,232,240,278,297,332,370,375,381],"dynamic":[9],"loads":[10],"(such":[11],"as":[12,161],"snow,":[13],"wind,":[14],"impact,":[15],"earthquake)":[17],"using":[18,128,266],"finite-element":[19,139,159],"software":[20,96,140,191,323],"are":[21,88,371],"part":[22],"mainstream":[24],"structural":[25,58,124],"engineering":[26],"curricula":[27],"in":[28,41,74,79,134,255,349,352,365],"universities":[29],"(at":[30,62],"least":[31],"at":[32],"graduate":[33],"level),":[34],"many":[36],"experts":[37],"can":[38,141],"be":[39,142,317],"found":[40],"industry":[42],"who":[43],"routinely":[44],"undertake":[45],"such":[46,100],"analyses.":[47],"However,":[48],"only":[49,66],"a":[50,67,115,129,270,279,321],"handful":[51],"or":[52],"institutions":[53],"around":[54],"the":[55,70,75,84,89,103,109,146,189,201,209,217,246,252,256,293,302,318,338,355,360,366],"world":[56,76],"teach":[57],"response":[59,125],"fire":[61,117,151,177],"any":[63],"level)":[64],"few":[68],"top":[71],"consulting":[72],"engineers":[73,377],"truly":[77],"specialize":[78],"this":[80,87,135,196,199,243,262,341,350],"niche":[81],"area.":[82],"Among":[83],"reasons":[85],"for":[86,195,208,223,292,325,373,383],"lack":[90],"cheap":[92],"easily":[94],"accessible":[95],"carry":[98],"out":[99],"analyses":[101],"highly":[104],"tedious":[105],"nature":[106,185],"full":[110],"(often":[111],"coupled)":[112],"sequence":[113,241],"realistic":[116,330],"scenario,":[118],"heat":[119],"transfer":[120],"structure":[122],"(currently":[126],"impossible":[127],"single":[130,271],"software).":[131],"The":[132,153,259,283,304,343],"authors":[133],"paper":[136,244],"describe":[137],"how":[138],"extended":[143,215],"include":[145],"under":[150],"load.":[152],"added":[154],"advantage":[155],"extending":[157],"existing":[158,253],"codes,":[160],"opposed":[162],"creating":[164],"fire-specific":[165],"applications,":[166],"is":[167,193,214,264,335],"due":[168],"ability":[170],"perform":[172],"multihazard":[173],"type":[174],"analysis,":[175],"e.g.,":[176],"following":[178],"earthquake.":[179],"Due":[180],"its":[182],"open":[183,356],"source":[184,357],"object-oriented":[187],"design,":[188],"OpenSees":[190,202,257,286,307,347,368],"framework":[192,324],"used":[194],"purpose.":[197],"In":[198],"work,":[200,351],"framework,":[203,361],"which":[204],"was":[205],"initially":[206],"designed":[207],"earthquake":[210],"analysis":[211],"structures,":[213],"by":[216],"addition":[218],"new":[220],"concrete":[221],"classes":[222,250,254],"thermal":[224],"loads,":[225],"temperature":[226],"distributions":[227],"across":[228],"element":[229],"cross":[230],"sections,":[231],"material":[233],"laws":[234],"based":[235],"on":[236],"Eurocodes.":[237],"Through":[238],"class":[239],"diagrams,":[242],"shows":[245],"interaction":[247],"these":[249],"with":[251,273,289,301,306,354],"framework.":[258],"performance":[260],"development":[263],"tested":[265],"benchmark":[267,294],"solutions":[268,291],"beam":[272],"finite":[274],"stiffness":[275],"boundary":[276],"conditions":[277],"steel":[280],"frame":[281],"test.":[282,303],"results":[284],"from":[285],"agree":[287],"well":[288],"analytical":[290],"problem":[295],"chosen":[296],"provide":[298],"reasonable":[299],"agreement":[300],"experience":[305],"so":[308],"far":[309],"suggests":[310],"that":[311],"it":[312],"has":[313],"excellent":[314],"potential":[315],"basis":[319],"unified":[322],"enabling":[326],"computational":[327],"fires,":[331],"further":[333],"work":[334],"continuing":[336],"towards":[337],"achievement":[339],"goal.":[342],"extensions":[344],"made":[345],"described":[348],"keeping":[353],"ideals":[358],"have":[362],"been":[363],"included":[364],"current":[367],"code":[369],"available":[372],"researchers":[374],"practicing":[376],"test,":[379],"develop,":[380],"use":[382],"their":[384],"own":[385],"purposes.":[386]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
