{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2154400911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000141","title":"Automated Color Model\u2013Based Concrete Detection in Construction-Site Images by Using Machine Learning Algorithms","display_name":"Automated Color Model\u2013Based Concrete Detection in Construction-Site Images by Using Machine Learning Algorithms","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2154400911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000141","mag":"2154400911"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048756233","display_name":"Hyojoo Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-9799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyojoo Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Researcher, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea","Researcher, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea. E-mail:"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Researcher, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Researcher, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084178653","display_name":"Changmin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1017-8297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea (corresponding author)","Research Assistant, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea","Research Assistant, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea. E-mail:"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea (corresponding author)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Assistant, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Assistant, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686251","display_name":"Changwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7342-0829"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea (corresponding author)","Research Assistant, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea (corresponding author)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Assistant, Dept. of Architectural Engineering, Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul 156-756, Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100686251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7635,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97500153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"421","last_page":"433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.8751677870750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.8156094551086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7184844613075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-model","display_name":"Color model","score":0.660106897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6341433525085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6156939268112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5787416100502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5367099046707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-space","display_name":"RGB color space","score":0.5283677577972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.4603646993637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4467952251434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.41922158002853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4169888496398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33701130747795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.23619210720062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12349870800971985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.8751677870750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.8156094551086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7184844613075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36262787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294018","display_name":"Color model","level":4,"score":0.660106897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6341433525085449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6156939268112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5787416100502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5367099046707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84216515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375677","display_name":"RGB color space","level":5,"score":0.5283677577972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.4603646993637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4467952251434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.41922158002853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4169888496398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33701130747795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.23619210720062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12349870800971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S176637136","display_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0887-3801","issn":["0887-3801","1943-5487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36433003","https://openalex.org/W109189503","https://openalex.org/W1480633176","https://openalex.org/W1497861709","https://openalex.org/W1514683383","https://openalex.org/W1525757651","https://openalex.org/W1553689644","https://openalex.org/W1555686918","https://openalex.org/W1572051620","https://openalex.org/W1585125368","https://openalex.org/W1587016144","https://openalex.org/W1608462934","https://openalex.org/W1673002162","https://openalex.org/W1951843614","https://openalex.org/W1964721292","https://openalex.org/W1966021193","https://openalex.org/W1974288458","https://openalex.org/W1977117871","https://openalex.org/W1981367467","https://openalex.org/W1981626846","https://openalex.org/W1985760370","https://openalex.org/W1986318154","https://openalex.org/W1988246399","https://openalex.org/W2002034685","https://openalex.org/W2006676870","https://openalex.org/W2023184793","https://openalex.org/W2025239563","https://openalex.org/W2029663130","https://openalex.org/W2029803196","https://openalex.org/W2031321561","https://openalex.org/W2048572168","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2061276559","https://openalex.org/W2063944107","https://openalex.org/W2072687359","https://openalex.org/W2078088780","https://openalex.org/W2080027017","https://openalex.org/W2081180521","https://openalex.org/W2084134149","https://openalex.org/W2086231373","https://openalex.org/W2087412438","https://openalex.org/W2087814413","https://openalex.org/W2091828034","https://openalex.org/W2094422200","https://openalex.org/W2097186742","https://openalex.org/W2100115174","https://openalex.org/W2103780778","https://openalex.org/W2105962297","https://openalex.org/W2107906820","https://openalex.org/W2118192768","https://openalex.org/W2119374145","https://openalex.org/W2122358773","https://openalex.org/W2131063703","https://openalex.org/W2136704614","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2150231499","https://openalex.org/W2150581781","https://openalex.org/W2153746365","https://openalex.org/W2157978338","https://openalex.org/W2162708558","https://openalex.org/W2163965432","https://openalex.org/W2165880886","https://openalex.org/W2166251495","https://openalex.org/W2183347929","https://openalex.org/W2184485208","https://openalex.org/W2293994416","https://openalex.org/W2536744418","https://openalex.org/W2541438111","https://openalex.org/W2547297028","https://openalex.org/W2795352119","https://openalex.org/W2914885528","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3142006300","https://openalex.org/W3146803896","https://openalex.org/W4212783130","https://openalex.org/W4252770108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072998265","https://openalex.org/W3123096349","https://openalex.org/W2907149038","https://openalex.org/W2057933061","https://openalex.org/W2385373070","https://openalex.org/W2390727152","https://openalex.org/W2009825974","https://openalex.org/W2150382074","https://openalex.org/W4316813138","https://openalex.org/W3021097355"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Concrete":[0],"structural":[1,19,51,183],"component":[2],"detection":[3,39],"in":[4,11,53,111,148,180,185],"color":[5,36,54,89,93,119,151,176,186],"images":[6,55,76,204],"is":[7,178],"a":[8,44,57,81,133,143],"key":[9],"pre-process":[10],"various":[12,203],"applications":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"construction":[16],"progress":[17],"measurement,":[18],"health":[20],"monitoring,":[21],"and":[22,102,105,121,142,155,173],"three-dimensional":[23],"as-built":[24],"modeling.":[25],"The":[26,161],"goal":[27],"of":[28,60,66,77,83,118,127,167,205],"this":[29],"research":[30],"was":[31,72,158,197],"to":[32,91,97,106,109],"identify":[33],"an":[34,137],"automated":[35],"model\u2013based":[37],"concrete":[38,50,78,101,182],"method":[40],"that":[41,164],"(by":[42],"using":[43],"machine":[45,122,129,146,171],"learning":[46,123,130],"algorithm)":[47],"can":[48],"detect":[49],"components":[52,184],"with":[56,80,189],"high":[58],"level":[59],"accuracy.":[61],"A":[62],"data":[63],"set":[64],"consisting":[65],"more":[67],"than":[68],"87":[69],"million":[70],"pixels":[71],"generated":[73],"from":[74,86],"108":[75],"surfaces":[79],"variety":[82],"surfaces.":[84],"Transformations":[85],"the":[87,115,125,165,168,174,190],"RGB":[88],"space":[90,120,177,194],"non-RGB":[92,150],"spaces":[94,152],"were":[95],"performed":[96],"increase":[98],"separability":[99],"between":[100],"background":[103],"classes":[104],"achieve":[107],"robustness":[108],"changes":[110],"illumination.":[112],"To":[113],"find":[114],"optimal":[116],"combination":[117,166],"algorithm,":[124],"performance":[126],"three":[128],"algorithms":[131],"(e.g.,":[132,153],"Gaussian":[134],"mixture":[135],"model,":[136,141],"artificial":[138],"neural":[139],"network":[140],"support":[144,169],"vector":[145,170],"model)":[147],"two":[149],"HSI":[154,175],"normalized":[156],"RGB)":[157],"comparatively":[159],"analyzed.":[160],"comparison":[162],"showed":[163],"algorithm":[172],"superior":[179],"detecting":[181],"images,":[187],"compared":[188],"other":[191],"five":[192],"algorithm\u2013color":[193],"combinations.":[195],"Performance":[196],"validated":[198],"by":[199],"experiments":[200],"run":[201],"on":[202],"actual":[206],"construction-site":[207],"scenes.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}