{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2597972688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41265-016-0032-4","title":"Partners of Humans: A Realistic Assessment of the Role of Robots in the Foreseeable Future","display_name":"Partners of Humans: A Realistic Assessment of the Role of Robots in the Foreseeable Future","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2597972688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41265-016-0032-4","mag":"2597972688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/s41265-016-0032-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41265-016-0032-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135086714","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology","issn_l":"0268-3962","issn":["0268-3962","1466-4437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066352404","display_name":"Igor Aleksander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-0977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Igor Aleksander","raw_affiliation_strings":["129 Greencroft Gardens, London NW6 3PE, UK","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"129 Greencroft Gardens, London NW6 3PE, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2BT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066352404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1612,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95150005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.957099974155426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.9330000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7178040146827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.5983447432518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5585924983024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness","display_name":"Consciousness","score":0.5259292721748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5189816355705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.515436053276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanity","display_name":"Humanity","score":0.5061251521110535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49414804577827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.4282667934894562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4140962064266205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4110277593135834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.3321424126625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32436078786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2603330910205841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1496390700340271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7178040146827698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.5983447432518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5585924983024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186720457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087","display_name":"Consciousness","level":2,"score":0.5259292721748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5189816355705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.515436053276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780422510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027938","display_name":"Humanity","level":2,"score":0.5061251521110535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49414804577827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4282667934894562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4140962064266205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4110277593135834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3321424126625061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32436078786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2603330910205841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1496390700340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/s41265-016-0032-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41265-016-0032-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135086714","display_name":"Journal of Information Technology","issn_l":"0268-3962","issn":["0268-3962","1466-4437"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisel.aisnet.org:jit-2023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aisel.aisnet.org/jit/vol32/iss1/1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30879505","display_name":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems","issn_l":"1536-9323","issn":["1536-9323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321080","host_organization_name":"Association for Information Systems","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321080"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Information Systems"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Information Technology","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181665514","https://openalex.org/W186565693","https://openalex.org/W1527935828","https://openalex.org/W1556772978","https://openalex.org/W1571131966","https://openalex.org/W1586718744","https://openalex.org/W1667758942","https://openalex.org/W2109995759","https://openalex.org/W2123285937","https://openalex.org/W2130793108","https://openalex.org/W2224799338","https://openalex.org/W2416983193","https://openalex.org/W2503255986","https://openalex.org/W2503799338","https://openalex.org/W2744297241","https://openalex.org/W2746544551","https://openalex.org/W3026300060","https://openalex.org/W3135173799","https://openalex.org/W4244266944","https://openalex.org/W4283834748","https://openalex.org/W4300882090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383552774","https://openalex.org/W2369613780","https://openalex.org/W2390120949","https://openalex.org/W2384237832","https://openalex.org/W2358247393","https://openalex.org/W2381199182","https://openalex.org/W2361406624","https://openalex.org/W2390750281","https://openalex.org/W2377568280","https://openalex.org/W2355191404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,214],"robots":[1],"are":[2],"generally":[3],"thought":[4],"to":[5,23,73,85,97,106,129,155,171,212,219,228,239],"perform":[6],"human-like":[7],"tasks,":[8],"they":[9],"depend":[10],"on":[11,131],"the":[12,18,42,45,48,57,60,64,75,90,108,184,235],"successes":[13],"of":[14,20,44,63,79,92,102,111,152,160,198,201,209,232],"information":[15],"technology":[16],"in":[17,25,38,50,117,145,157,183,195,207,234],"area":[19],"artificial":[21,150],"intelligence":[22],"succeed":[24],"such":[26],"pursuits.":[27],"But":[28],"robots,":[29,80],"through":[30],"their":[31,35],"anthropomorphic":[32],"character":[33],"and":[34,47,66,88,121,136,147,174,230,245],"weighty":[36],"presence":[37],"science":[39],"fiction,":[40],"attract":[41],"attention":[43,227],"press":[46],"media":[49],"a":[51,122,158,190,217],"way":[52],"that,":[53],"at":[54],"times,":[55],"blurs":[56],"distinction":[58],"between":[59,243],"actual":[61,109],"state":[62],"art":[65],"exaggerated":[67],"claims.":[68],"This":[69],"makes":[70],"it":[71,186,222],"hard":[72],"assess":[74],"true":[76],"functional":[77],"positioning":[78],"how":[81],"this":[82,103,126],"is":[83,105,114,127,142,166,187,223],"likely":[84,128],"move":[86],"forward":[87],"whether":[89],"outcome":[91],"progress":[93],"could":[94],"be":[95],"detrimental":[96],"human":[98,132,176],"society.":[99],"The":[100,138,196],"aim":[101],"paper":[104,185],"review":[107],"level":[110],"competence":[112],"that":[113,125,143,169,181,189,225],"being":[115],"achieved":[116],"robotics":[118],"research":[119],"laboratories":[120],"plausible":[123],"impact":[124],"have":[130],"control":[133],"over":[134],"life":[135],"jobs.":[137],"key":[139],"thesis":[140],"here":[141],"cognition":[144],"machines":[146],"even":[148],"an":[149,240],"form":[151],"consciousness":[153],"lead":[154,238],"operations":[156],"set":[159],"tasks":[161],"(the":[162,178],"\u2018algorithmic\u2019":[163],"category)":[164],"which":[165],"different":[167],"from":[168],"available":[170],"truly":[172],"cognitive":[173],"conscious":[175],"beings":[177],"\u2018life-need\u2019":[179],"category):":[180],"is,":[182],"argued":[188,224],"major":[191],"category":[192],"error":[193],"(Ryle":[194],"concept":[197],"mind,":[199],"University":[200],"Chicago":[202],"Press,":[203],"Chicago,":[204],"1949)":[205],"looms":[206],"predictions":[208],"serious":[210],"threats":[211],"humanity.":[213],"far":[215],"as":[216],"threat":[218],"jobs":[220],"goes,":[221],"early":[226],"education":[229],"re-skilling":[231],"humans":[233],"workplace":[236],"can":[237],"effective":[241],"symbiosis":[242],"people":[244],"robots.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T06:06:40.768181","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
