{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070806643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jos.4250035","title":"On the interaction between stratification and control variates, with illustrations in a call centre simulation","display_name":"On the interaction between stratification and control variates, with illustrations in a call centre simulation","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070806643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jos.4250035","mag":"2070806643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jos.4250035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jos.4250035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207180383","display_name":"Journal of Simulation","issn_l":"1747-7778","issn":["1747-7778","1747-7786","1774-7786"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091510633","display_name":"Pierre L\u2019Ecuyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3184-0796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133247","display_name":"Group for Research in Decision Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/02pkvpx84","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108192572","https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I4210133247","https://openalex.org/I45683168","https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P L'Ecuyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["GERAD, CIRRELT and DIRO, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GERAD, CIRRELT and DIRO, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133247","https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039498075","display_name":"\u00c9ric Buist","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133247","display_name":"Group for Research in Decision Analysis","ror":"https://ror.org/02pkvpx84","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108192572","https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I4210133247","https://openalex.org/I45683168","https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E Buist","raw_affiliation_strings":["GERAD, CIRRELT and DIRO, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GERAD, CIRRELT and DIRO, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133247","https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039498075"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133247","https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3872,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70899786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"29","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10792","display_name":"Matrix Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-variates","display_name":"Control variates","score":0.9214650392532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-reduction","display_name":"Variance reduction","score":0.8236811757087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.803459644317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variate","display_name":"Random variate","score":0.7742611765861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratification","display_name":"Stratification (seeds)","score":0.6453949809074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.55618816614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-simulation","display_name":"Stochastic simulation","score":0.4479526877403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.42264705896377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.36233437061309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.33145609498023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.329853892326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.32616662979125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3258900046348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.25232556462287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.20165133476257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17038244009017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14640387892723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain-monte-carlo","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","score":0.13253042101860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-monte-carlo","display_name":"Hybrid Monte Carlo","score":0.08192247152328491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121683094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3554721","display_name":"Control variates","level":5,"score":0.9214650392532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62644790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454689","display_name":"Variance reduction","level":3,"score":0.8236811757087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.803459644317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141547133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291996","display_name":"Random variate","level":3,"score":0.7742611765861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192943249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1893382","display_name":"Stratification (seeds)","level":5,"score":0.6453949809074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.55618816614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4180825","display_name":"Stochastic simulation","level":2,"score":0.4479526877403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.42264705896377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.36233437061309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.33145609498023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.329853892326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.32616662979125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3258900046348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25232556462287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.20165133476257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17038244009017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14640387892723083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111350023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191869","display_name":"Markov chain Monte Carlo","level":3,"score":0.13253042101860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13153151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639846","display_name":"Hybrid Monte Carlo","level":4,"score":0.08192247152328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3527866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162267","display_name":"Dormancy","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2397491","display_name":"Seed dormancy","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jos.4250035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jos.4250035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207180383","display_name":"Journal of Simulation","issn_l":"1747-7778","issn":["1747-7778","1747-7786","1774-7786"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:tjsmxx:v:2:y:2008:i:1:p:29-40","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1057/palgrave.jos.4250035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9481520","https://openalex.org/W1499749778","https://openalex.org/W1525685818","https://openalex.org/W1921850608","https://openalex.org/W1965440168","https://openalex.org/W1969481231","https://openalex.org/W1986745336","https://openalex.org/W2033262566","https://openalex.org/W2051277798","https://openalex.org/W2086374769","https://openalex.org/W2102463838","https://openalex.org/W2103450593","https://openalex.org/W2108246181","https://openalex.org/W2109682504","https://openalex.org/W2117227986","https://openalex.org/W2119338125","https://openalex.org/W2125784747","https://openalex.org/W2145197897","https://openalex.org/W2145754163","https://openalex.org/W2146299225","https://openalex.org/W2161621187","https://openalex.org/W2162870748","https://openalex.org/W2331722735","https://openalex.org/W3150001128","https://openalex.org/W3151301793","https://openalex.org/W4229739412","https://openalex.org/W4245800583","https://openalex.org/W4251265444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886060011","https://openalex.org/W2372527200","https://openalex.org/W1977876445","https://openalex.org/W2808706851","https://openalex.org/W1988863536","https://openalex.org/W3123721831","https://openalex.org/W2958835316","https://openalex.org/W2551038839","https://openalex.org/W2028201152","https://openalex.org/W3151338762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variance":[0],"reduction":[1],"techniques":[2],"(VRTs)":[3],"are":[4,81],"often":[5,49],"essential":[6],"to":[7,14,30,38,52,102],"make":[8],"simulation":[9],"quick":[10],"and":[11,67,138],"accurate":[12],"enough":[13],"be":[15],"useful.":[16],"A":[17],"case":[18],"in":[19,120,128],"point":[20],"is":[21,37,135],"simulation-based":[22],"optimization":[23],"of":[24,60,71,104],"complex":[25],"systems.":[26],"An":[27],"obvious":[28],"idea":[29],"push":[31],"the":[32,58,73,78,105,111,121,125],"improvement":[33],"one":[34,103],"step":[35],"further":[36],"combine":[39,94],"several":[40,69],"VRTs":[41],"for":[42],"a":[43,87,95],"given":[44],"simulation.":[45,112],"But":[46],"such":[47],"combinations":[48],"give":[50],"rise":[51],"new":[53],"issues.":[54],"This":[55,131],"paper":[56],"studies":[57],"combination":[59],"stratification":[61,99],"with":[62,86,98,100],"control":[63,96,122],"variates.":[64],"We":[65,83],"detail":[66],"compare":[68],"ways":[70],"doing":[72],"combination.":[74],"Nontrivial":[75],"synergies":[76],"between":[77],"two":[79],"methods":[80],"exhibited.":[82],"illustrate":[84],"this":[85],"telephone":[88],"call":[89],"centre":[90],"simulation,":[91],"where":[92],"we":[93],"variate":[97,123],"respect":[101],"uniform":[106],"random":[107],"variates":[108],"that":[109,116],"drive":[110],"It":[113],"turns":[114],"out":[115],"using":[117],"more":[118],"information":[119],"degrades":[124],"performance":[126],"(significantly)":[127],"our":[129,139],"example.":[130],"seemingly":[132],"paradoxical":[133],"behaviour":[134],"not":[136],"rare":[137],"theoretical":[140],"analysis":[141],"explains":[142],"why.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}