{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971268640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601639","title":"Compensation differences between male and female CEOs for publicly traded firms: a nonparametric analysis","display_name":"Compensation differences between male and female CEOs for publicly traded firms: a nonparametric analysis","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971268640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601639","mag":"1971268640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108465485","display_name":"Nancy Mohan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N Mohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dayton Dayton OH USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dayton Dayton OH USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059426456","display_name":"J. Ruggiero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0159-764X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127591826","display_name":"University of Dayton","ror":"https://ror.org/021v3qy27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J Ruggiero","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dayton Dayton OH USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dayton Dayton OH USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059426456","https://openalex.org/A5108465485"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127591826"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88290574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"12","first_page":"1242","last_page":"1248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salary","display_name":"Salary","score":0.8175369501113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.6879785060882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-compensation","display_name":"Executive compensation","score":0.6442427635192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5449539422988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-envelopment-analysis","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","score":0.536958634853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.5109843015670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.49665361642837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.4874430000782013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics","display_name":"Demographic economics","score":0.486757755279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonparametric-statistics","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","score":0.44649943709373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3162424564361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.29513925313949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.27778360247612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2548254132270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23601305484771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1245531439781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09886705875396729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.8175369501113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6879785060882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151392489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5419946","display_name":"Executive compensation","level":3,"score":0.6442427635192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5449539422988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.536958634853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.5109843015670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49665361642837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.4874430000782013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.486757755279541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.44649943709373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3162424564361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.29513925313949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.27778360247612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2548254132270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23601305484771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1245531439781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09886705875396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pal:jorsoc:v:54:y:2003:i:12:d:10.1057_palgrave.jors.2601639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502163265","https://openalex.org/W1538443123","https://openalex.org/W1976738316","https://openalex.org/W2007087334","https://openalex.org/W2056619877","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2077791698","https://openalex.org/W2106606536","https://openalex.org/W2123450156","https://openalex.org/W2129763896","https://openalex.org/W2148145374","https://openalex.org/W2153103862","https://openalex.org/W2162180338","https://openalex.org/W2325864965","https://openalex.org/W2891965021","https://openalex.org/W3122028926","https://openalex.org/W3123288494","https://openalex.org/W3123464746","https://openalex.org/W3124684532","https://openalex.org/W3125405027","https://openalex.org/W3126131237","https://openalex.org/W3135490280","https://openalex.org/W4229919971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368582007","https://openalex.org/W2381014559","https://openalex.org/W2417552221","https://openalex.org/W2350975767","https://openalex.org/W4377081005","https://openalex.org/W2369068260","https://openalex.org/W2383301438","https://openalex.org/W2360793741","https://openalex.org/W2515668944","https://openalex.org/W3123375916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"recent":[1],"article":[2],"in":[3],"the":[4,22,34,56,60,69,100,143],"popular":[5],"press":[6],"suggested":[7],"that":[8,42,85,153],"gender":[9,72],"is":[10,155],"one":[11],"determining":[12],"factor":[13],"of":[14,59,71,107,126],"corporate":[15],"executives'":[16],"pay.":[17],"The":[18,150],"average":[19],"compensation":[20,44,105],"for":[21,33,52,119],"top":[23,35,76],"20":[24,36],"men":[25],"was":[26],"more":[27,90],"than":[28,32,91],"10":[29],"times":[30],"larger":[31],"women.":[37],"We":[38],"would":[39,49],"expect,":[40],"however,":[41],"direct":[43],"from":[45],"salary":[46],"and":[47,109,123,147,161],"bonuses":[48],"be":[50],"similar":[51],"both":[53],"genders":[54],"given":[55],"public":[57],"nature":[58],"data.":[61],"There":[62],"have":[63],"been":[64],"few":[65],"academic":[66],"articles":[67],"on":[68],"topic":[70],"pay":[73],"differences":[74,106],"among":[75],"executives.":[77],"One":[78],"paper":[79],"found":[80],"marginally":[81],"significant":[82],"statistical":[83,157],"evidence":[84],"women":[86],"CEOs":[87,118],"are":[88],"paid":[89],"their":[92],"male":[93,108,128,146,160],"counterparts.":[94],"In":[95,130],"this":[96],"paper,":[97],"we":[98,132],"extend":[99],"literature":[101],"by":[102],"looking":[103],"at":[104],"female":[110,117,148,162],"CEOs.":[111,129],"Our":[112],"sample":[113],"includes":[114],"over":[115],"40":[116],"publicly":[120],"traded":[121],"companies":[122],"matched":[124],"pairs":[125],"comparable":[127],"addition,":[131],"use":[133],"data":[134],"envelopment":[135],"analysis":[136],"to":[137],"derive":[138],"a":[139,156],"gap":[140],"measure":[141],"representing":[142],"difference":[144,158],"between":[145,159],"compensation.":[149,164],"results":[151],"suggest":[152],"there":[154],"potential":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
