{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141357151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601636","title":"A note on activity floats in activity-on-arrow networks","display_name":"A note on activity floats in activity-on-arrow networks","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141357151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601636","mag":"2141357151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101860693","display_name":"Tong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4458-2436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College Park MD USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College Park MD USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103563024","display_name":"C-L Tseng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C-L Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College Park MD USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College Park MD USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101860693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90286873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"12","first_page":"1296","last_page":"1299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12177","display_name":"Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.661448061466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/float","display_name":"Float (project management)","score":0.6565322875976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrow","display_name":"Arrow","score":0.6029676198959351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5861913561820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.5169236063957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-management","display_name":"Project management","score":0.4853783845901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4572967290878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.28026074171066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.23451635241508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22018864750862122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.19361495971679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15566343069076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.11207544803619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.0962313711643219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.08481693267822266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.661448061466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780337265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185958","display_name":"Float (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6565322875976562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780339515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3074698","display_name":"Arrow","level":2,"score":0.6029676198959351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5861913561820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.5169236063957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15952604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179012","display_name":"Project management","level":2,"score":0.4853783845901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4572967290878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.28026074171066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23451635241508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22018864750862122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.19361495971679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15566343069076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.11207544803619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0962313711643219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08481693267822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.557.7249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.557.7249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.economics.unsw.edu.au/ctseng/Float.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pal:jorsoc:v:54:y:2003:i:12:d:10.1057_palgrave.jors.2601636","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W646985165","https://openalex.org/W1527955871","https://openalex.org/W1535631061","https://openalex.org/W1604524067","https://openalex.org/W1787958212","https://openalex.org/W2057583223","https://openalex.org/W2613344871","https://openalex.org/W3022715541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025955409","https://openalex.org/W2003709529","https://openalex.org/W1577301438","https://openalex.org/W1986410062","https://openalex.org/W2026698676","https://openalex.org/W4231062255","https://openalex.org/W1967535915","https://openalex.org/W4255189751","https://openalex.org/W2048036273","https://openalex.org/W4238769619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,22,62],"project":[1,32],"scheduling,":[2],"the":[3,11,15,23,57,71,75],"free":[4,48],"float":[5,84,87],"(slack)":[6],"of":[7,25,59,70,74],"an":[8],"activity":[9,16],"represents":[10],"leeway":[12],"for":[13,39],"scheduling":[14],"without":[17],"affecting":[18],"any":[19],"subsequent":[20],"activity.":[21],"context":[24],"activity-on-arrow":[26],"(AOA)":[27],"network":[28],"representation,":[29],"textbooks":[30],"on":[31,35],"management,":[33],"based":[34],"our":[36],"survey,":[37],"have":[38],"decades":[40],"been":[41],"using":[42],"a":[43,67],"popular":[44],"formula":[45,77],"to":[46,53,78],"calculate":[47],"floats":[49,80],"that":[50],"may":[51],"lead":[52],"erroneous":[54],"results":[55],"in":[56],"presence":[58],"dummy":[60],"arcs.":[61],"this":[63],"note,":[64],"we":[65],"present":[66],"correct":[68],"version":[69],"formula.":[72],"Extensions":[73],"proposed":[76],"other":[79],"such":[81],"as":[82],"safety":[83],"and":[85],"interference":[86],"are":[88],"also":[89],"discussed.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
