{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2059618103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600808","title":"A cluster insertion heuristic for single and multiple depot vehicle routing problems with backhauling","display_name":"A cluster insertion heuristic for single and multiple depot vehicle routing problems with backhauling","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2059618103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600808","mag":"2059618103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079252764","display_name":"Sa\u0131\u0308d Salhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3384-5240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S Salhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham","UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003079993","display_name":"G\u00e1bor Nagy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-9719"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Nagy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Greenwich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Greenwich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079252764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":255,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79549221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"10","first_page":"1034","last_page":"1042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11814","display_name":"Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics Optimization","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.703631579875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6122424006462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.561846911907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5308628678321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.4905022978782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.46827247738838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.44811373949050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41562575101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3604074716567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3092277944087982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17303970456123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15921559929847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10465431213378906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.703631579875946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6122424006462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.561846911907196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5308628678321838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.4905022978782654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.46827247738838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.44811373949050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41562575101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3604074716567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3092277944087982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17303970456123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15921559929847717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10465431213378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pal:jorsoc:v:50:y:1999:i:10:d:10.1057_palgrave.jors.2600808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:9934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/9934/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66986378","https://openalex.org/W573342348","https://openalex.org/W1546822455","https://openalex.org/W1979457532","https://openalex.org/W1989604479","https://openalex.org/W2029681015","https://openalex.org/W2032686693","https://openalex.org/W2066271905","https://openalex.org/W2089667631","https://openalex.org/W2340149117","https://openalex.org/W2999341115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988401512","https://openalex.org/W2135709899","https://openalex.org/W2356230140","https://openalex.org/W1985012061","https://openalex.org/W2974874797","https://openalex.org/W2115347385","https://openalex.org/W2138810186","https://openalex.org/W4200164167","https://openalex.org/W2027911320","https://openalex.org/W2889491356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"investigate":[1],"an":[2],"extension":[3],"to":[4],"the":[5,10,21,64],"classical":[6],"insertion-based":[7],"heuristic":[8],"for":[9,63],"vehicle":[11],"routing":[12],"problem":[13],"with":[14,39,44],"backhauling":[15],"(VRPB).":[16],"It":[17],"is":[18,34],"based":[19],"on":[20,36],"idea":[22],"of":[23],"inserting":[24],"more":[25,65],"than":[26],"one":[27],"backhaul":[28],"at":[29,47],"a":[30],"time.":[31],"This":[32,52],"method":[33],"tested":[35],"data":[37],"sets":[38],"single":[40],"and":[41],"multiple":[42],"depots":[43],"encouraging":[45],"results":[46],"no":[48],"additional":[49],"computational":[50],"burden.":[51],"approach":[53],"can":[54],"also":[55],"be":[56],"useful":[57],"in":[58],"generating":[59],"good":[60],"starting":[61],"solutions":[62],"computer-intensive":[66],"meta-heuristics.":[67]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}