{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031970090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600677","title":"The Blackett Memorial Lecture 18 November 1997","display_name":"The Blackett Memorial Lecture 18 November 1997","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031970090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600677","mag":"2031970090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109004846","display_name":"W. W. Cooper","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W W Cooper","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109004846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77658277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.6569820046424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6421493887901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-envelopment-analysis","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","score":0.5456616878509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-management","display_name":"Project management","score":0.4843350648880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4520225524902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.4449875056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"Information technology","score":0.4204292595386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4113842844963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.41031986474990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.37922078371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.36524683237075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.35565054416656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.24123671650886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17965182662010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.16931948065757751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13772839307785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12891560792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11448261141777039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.6569820046424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6421493887901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5456616878509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15952604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179012","display_name":"Project management","level":2,"score":0.4843350648880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4520225524902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.4449875056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.4204292595386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4113842844963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.41031986474990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.37922078371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36524683237075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.35565054416656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24123671650886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17965182662010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.16931948065757751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13772839307785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12891560792922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11448261141777039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pal:jorsoc:v:50:y:1999:i:1:d:10.1057_palgrave.jors.2600677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148419119","https://openalex.org/W2312460139","https://openalex.org/W2319794630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801360836","https://openalex.org/W2120745168","https://openalex.org/W2736559621","https://openalex.org/W2352291457","https://openalex.org/W2360317231","https://openalex.org/W2184817066","https://openalex.org/W1978187271","https://openalex.org/W2086472688","https://openalex.org/W2958142594","https://openalex.org/W4251269002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"argued":[2],"that":[3],"movement":[4],"toward":[5],"the":[6,31,63,82,88,96,104,116,122,133,139],"\u2018control\u2019":[7],"aspects":[8],"of":[9,33,51,67,90,98,135,142,165,204,215],"management":[10],"should":[11],"be":[12,154,193],"effected":[13],"to":[14,36,45,62,81,147,156,175,185,195,206],"expand":[15],"OR/MS":[16,57,162,208],"activities":[17,55],"beyond":[18],"their":[19,198],"present":[20],"(almost":[21],"exclusive)":[22],"emphasis":[23],"on":[24,39,72,102,115],"\u2018planning\u2019":[25],"functions.":[26],"This":[27],"will":[28,152],"involve":[29],"increasing":[30],"amount":[32],"empirical-inferential":[34,53],"approaches":[35,209],"research":[37,54],"(based":[38],"ex-post":[40],"data)":[41],"as":[42,124,126],"one":[43],"way":[44],"help":[46],"bring":[47],"this":[48],"about.":[49],"Examples":[50],"such":[52],"in":[56,87,95,121,138],"are":[58,85,108,168,183,210,217],"supplied":[59],"by":[60],"reference":[61],"early":[64,140],"(founding)":[65],"work":[66,89],"PMS":[68],"Blackett":[69],"and":[70,93,112,158,189,200,223],"others":[71,94],"high-level":[73],"policy":[74],"problems":[75],"during":[76],"World":[77],"War":[78],"II.":[79],"Extensions":[80],"control":[83],"function":[84],"evidenced":[86],"Robert":[91],"Fetter":[92],"development":[97],"Diagnostic":[99],"Related":[100],"Groups":[101],"which":[103,216],"Prospective":[105],"Payment":[106],"Systems":[107],"based":[109],"with":[110,170,178,220],"large":[111],"important":[113],"impacts":[114],"health":[117],"care":[118],"delivery":[119],"systems":[120],"USA":[123],"well":[125],"other":[127,207],"countries.":[128],"Other":[129,149],"examples":[130],"covered":[131],"include":[132],"use":[134],"OR":[136],"concepts":[137],"\u2018turnaround\u2019":[141],"Federal":[143],"Express":[144],"from":[145],"failure":[146],"success.":[148],"new":[150,188],"methods":[151,182,191],"nevertheless":[153],"needed":[155],"extend":[157],"improve":[159],"presently":[160,218],"available":[161],"approaches.":[163],"Some":[164],"these":[166],"possibilities":[167],"illustrated":[169],"Data":[171],"Envelopment":[172],"Analysis.":[173],"Ways":[174],"combine":[176],"DEA":[177,205],"commonly":[179],"used":[180],"statistical":[181],"described":[184],"show":[186],"how":[187],"old":[190],"may":[192],"combined":[194],"further":[196],"enhance":[197],"power":[199],"range.":[201],"Similar":[202],"relations":[203],"now":[211],"being":[212],"studied,":[213],"some":[214],"occurring":[219],"\u2018fuzzy":[221],"sets\u2019":[222],"\u2018multiple":[224],"objective":[225],"programming.\u2019":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
