{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001303110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600593","title":"Independent learning and operational research in the classroom","display_name":"Independent learning and operational research in the classroom","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001303110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600593","mag":"2001303110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055070177","display_name":"Valerie Belton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V Belton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103470211","display_name":"John L. Scott","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J L Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waikato New Zealand","UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waikato New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055070177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5699,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67468445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"9","first_page":"899","last_page":"910"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9377999901771545,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5282891392707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.512591540813446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-management","display_name":"Project management","score":0.4512913227081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"Information technology","score":0.44054096937179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communications-technology","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","score":0.43786928057670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4159470796585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.37671226263046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.36748817563056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.35756051540374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2970770597457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.22789111733436584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2233666479587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.20503181219100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1857132911682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.1636296510696411}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5282891392707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.512591540813446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15952604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179012","display_name":"Project management","level":2,"score":0.4512913227081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.44054096937179565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.43786928057670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4159470796585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.37671226263046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.36748817563056946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.35756051540374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2970770597457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22789111733436584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2233666479587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.20503181219100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1857132911682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.1636296510696411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S169988927","display_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","issn_l":"0160-5682","issn":["0160-5682","1476-9360"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Operational Research Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585728732","https://openalex.org/W1590156718","https://openalex.org/W1964560776","https://openalex.org/W1966291809","https://openalex.org/W2003691684","https://openalex.org/W2009780794","https://openalex.org/W2028783879","https://openalex.org/W2028803551","https://openalex.org/W2067344054","https://openalex.org/W2067440741","https://openalex.org/W2075443457","https://openalex.org/W2077842969","https://openalex.org/W2095307789","https://openalex.org/W2114430957","https://openalex.org/W2170644967","https://openalex.org/W2315884636","https://openalex.org/W2806639017","https://openalex.org/W3022053882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967535915","https://openalex.org/W1967060312","https://openalex.org/W4309586797","https://openalex.org/W924207630","https://openalex.org/W2890208843","https://openalex.org/W82203819","https://openalex.org/W2896688586","https://openalex.org/W560708794","https://openalex.org/W4255189751","https://openalex.org/W4254308524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"Operational":[1,47],"Research":[2,48],"and":[3,26,56,67,94,102],"Education":[4],"are":[5,65],"common":[6],"keywords":[7],"in":[8,28,46],"OR":[9,87],"journals,":[10],"most":[11],"work":[12],"focuses":[13],"on":[14],"course":[15],"content.":[16],"Relatively":[17],"little":[18],"has":[19],"been":[20],"written":[21],"about":[22],"processes":[23],"of":[24,41,54,76,86,100],"education":[25,88],"learning":[27],"OR.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"adds":[32],"to":[33],"this":[34],"important":[35],"area":[36],"by":[37,69],"considering":[38],"the":[39,98],"use":[40,99],"more":[42],"Independent":[43],"Learning":[44],"(IL)":[45],"education.":[49],"Included":[50],"is":[51],"an":[52,78],"explanation":[53],"IL":[55,64,82,93],"justification":[57],"for":[58],"using":[59],"it.":[60],"Activities":[61],"which":[62,73],"encourage":[63],"described":[66],"supported":[68],"three":[70],"case":[71],"studies":[72],"give":[74],"examples":[75],"how":[77],"academic":[79],"might":[80],"introduce":[81],"into":[83],"a":[84],"range":[85],"settings.":[89],"Other":[90],"topics":[91],"include":[92],"assessment,":[95],"arguments":[96],"against":[97],"IL,":[101],"critical":[103],"success":[104],"factors.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
