{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003992770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500075","title":"Visualizing Roles of Variables in Program Animation","display_name":"Visualizing Roles of Variables in Program Animation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003992770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500075","mag":"2003992770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55152591","display_name":"Information Visualization","issn_l":"1473-8716","issn":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036923336","display_name":"Jorma Sajaniemi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorma Sajaniemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Joensuu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015561259","display_name":"Marja Kuittinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-8437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marja Kuittinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Joensuu, Finland","Department of Computer Science, University of Joensuu, Finland#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Joensuu, Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Joensuu, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036923336"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7644,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9414551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"137","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9279999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8597958087921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.8476802110671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schematic","display_name":"Schematic","score":0.7168588042259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5365116596221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5342169404029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.501051664352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-animation","display_name":"Computer animation","score":0.47747230529785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-programming","display_name":"Computer programming","score":0.4133511185646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.35092800855636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3082018494606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.10212880373001099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8597958087921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.8476802110671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192328126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4514647","display_name":"Schematic","level":2,"score":0.7168588042259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5365116596221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5342169404029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.501051664352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.47747230529785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33857546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80006","display_name":"Computer programming","level":2,"score":0.4133511185646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.35092800855636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3082018494606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.10212880373001099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500075","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55152591","display_name":"Information Visualization","issn_l":"1473-8716","issn":["1473-8716","1473-8724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74066933","https://openalex.org/W202909246","https://openalex.org/W587033199","https://openalex.org/W590961618","https://openalex.org/W1501367599","https://openalex.org/W1505042564","https://openalex.org/W1506975425","https://openalex.org/W1508150672","https://openalex.org/W1538046450","https://openalex.org/W1568839143","https://openalex.org/W1615097079","https://openalex.org/W1964674052","https://openalex.org/W1964791670","https://openalex.org/W1967548205","https://openalex.org/W1971075638","https://openalex.org/W1973477315","https://openalex.org/W1983193319","https://openalex.org/W1995364121","https://openalex.org/W2020289097","https://openalex.org/W2028868392","https://openalex.org/W2030175360","https://openalex.org/W2036533373","https://openalex.org/W2039310789","https://openalex.org/W2041954497","https://openalex.org/W2042124586","https://openalex.org/W2044132121","https://openalex.org/W2050163083","https://openalex.org/W2050648904","https://openalex.org/W2056580788","https://openalex.org/W2058969738","https://openalex.org/W2065173991","https://openalex.org/W2075194449","https://openalex.org/W2092839599","https://openalex.org/W2096407990","https://openalex.org/W2111041418","https://openalex.org/W2121811750","https://openalex.org/W2134985815","https://openalex.org/W2137591954","https://openalex.org/W2142314574","https://openalex.org/W2146818648","https://openalex.org/W2157861311","https://openalex.org/W2161743080","https://openalex.org/W2176513605","https://openalex.org/W2222760842","https://openalex.org/W2337068785","https://openalex.org/W3006150852","https://openalex.org/W4229848368","https://openalex.org/W4232610642","https://openalex.org/W4254161597","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121378366","https://openalex.org/W3112102641","https://openalex.org/W2013184069","https://openalex.org/W2535923857","https://openalex.org/W2989004599","https://openalex.org/W1976926596","https://openalex.org/W126583968","https://openalex.org/W4313289090","https://openalex.org/W2359575859","https://openalex.org/W2532377291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visualizations":[0],"may":[1],"be":[2],"used":[3],"to":[4,17,102,111,123,145],"assist":[5,124],"in":[6,49,65,72,107,125,157],"learning":[7],"elementary":[8],"computer":[9],"programming":[10,133],"-":[11],"a":[12,25,56,73,95,108],"skill":[13],"that":[14,30,47,87,99,112,142,151],"is":[15,31],"hard":[16],"acquire":[18],"by":[19],"many":[20,155],"students.":[21],"This":[22],"article":[23],"presents":[24],"program":[26,105],"animation":[27,121],"system,":[28],"PlanAni,":[29],"based":[32],"on":[33],"the":[34,37,88,126,139,148,152],"concept":[35],"of":[36,39,45,58,90,113,119,128],"roles":[38,60,91],"variables.":[40],"Roles":[41],"represent":[42],"schematic":[43],"uses":[44],"variables":[46,64],"occur":[48],"programs":[50],"over":[51,53],"and":[52,55,82,131,150],"again,":[54],"set":[57],"nine":[59],"covers":[61],"practically":[62],"all":[63],"novice-level":[66],"programs.":[67],"PlanAni":[68],"has":[69],"been":[70],"evaluated":[71],"classroom":[74],"experiment":[75],"comparing":[76],"traditional":[77],"teaching":[78,81],"with":[79,94,138,147],"role-based":[80,120],"animation.":[83],"The":[84,117],"results":[85],"suggest":[86],"introduction":[89],"provides":[92],"students":[93,143],"new":[96],"conceptual":[97],"framework":[98],"enables":[100],"them":[101],"mentally":[103],"process":[104],"information":[106],"way":[109],"similar":[110],"good":[114],"code":[115],"comprehenders.":[116],"use":[118],"seems":[122],"adoption":[127],"role":[129],"knowledge":[130],"expert-like":[132],"strategies.":[134],"A":[135],"semi-structured":[136],"interview":[137],"teacher":[140],"indicates":[141],"like":[144],"work":[146],"animator":[149],"system":[153],"clarifies":[154],"concepts":[156],"programming.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}