{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211012042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736628","title":"Heuristic Evaluation of a Top-Rated Diabetes Self-Management App","display_name":"Heuristic Evaluation of a Top-Rated Diabetes Self-Management App","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211012042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736628","mag":"3211012042","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34734402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736628","pdf_url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0041-1736628.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187139995","display_name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","issn_l":"1869-0327","issn":["1869-0327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0041-1736628.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040685694","display_name":"Linda Harrington","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128956969","display_name":"Texas Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/054b0b564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda Harrington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089464733","display_name":"Cheryl Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-786X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I221716585","display_name":"The University of Texas at Tyler","ror":"https://ror.org/01azfw069","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I221716585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheryl Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing and Health Sciences, The University of Texas at Tyler, Texas, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing and Health Sciences, The University of Texas at Tyler, Texas, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I221716585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018192528","display_name":"Kathleen Ulanday","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147586","display_name":"Texas Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cz92x43","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147586"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Ulanday","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147586"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021990063","display_name":"Craig Harrington","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Harrington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Informatics Consultant, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Informatics Consultant, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9044,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91313818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"05","first_page":"1014","last_page":"1020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.8536794185638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-evaluation","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","score":0.7414791584014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5954291224479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5127678513526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4992504119873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.43676891922950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-informatics","display_name":"Health informatics","score":0.4327707290649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learnability","display_name":"Learnability","score":0.42575353384017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.42336326837539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.39238959550857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.272633820772171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing","display_name":"Nursing","score":0.24352401494979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19929596781730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.1823534369468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.15975213050842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1212809681892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health","display_name":"Public health","score":0.11577856540679932}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8536794185638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3255780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616517","display_name":"Heuristic evaluation","level":3,"score":0.7414791584014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5954291224479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5127678513526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4992504119873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.43676891922950745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.4327707290649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777723229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4367921","display_name":"Learnability","level":2,"score":0.42575353384017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.42336326837539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.39238959550857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.272633820772171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.24352401494979858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19929596781730652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.1823534369468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.15975213050842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1212809681892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.11577856540679932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066506","descriptor_name":"Heuristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066506","descriptor_name":"Heuristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066506","descriptor_name":"Heuristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073278","descriptor_name":"Self-Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073278","descriptor_name":"Self-Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073278","descriptor_name":"Self-Management","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008490","descriptor_name":"Medical Informatics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063731","descriptor_name":"Mobile Applications","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736628","pdf_url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0041-1736628.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187139995","display_name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","issn_l":"1869-0327","issn":["1869-0327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34734402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34734402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied clinical informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8566111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8566111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Appl Clin Inform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736628","pdf_url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0041-1736628.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187139995","display_name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","issn_l":"1869-0327","issn":["1869-0327"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Clinical Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211012042.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3211012042.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021430127","https://openalex.org/W2027909523","https://openalex.org/W2043602568","https://openalex.org/W2560643553","https://openalex.org/W2612067822","https://openalex.org/W2802822747","https://openalex.org/W2893385070","https://openalex.org/W2900493099","https://openalex.org/W2904347152","https://openalex.org/W2948161928","https://openalex.org/W2982248016","https://openalex.org/W2989956556","https://openalex.org/W2991021481","https://openalex.org/W2994039809","https://openalex.org/W2997032787","https://openalex.org/W2999080334","https://openalex.org/W3004524822","https://openalex.org/W3006492268","https://openalex.org/W3013876675","https://openalex.org/W4235701932"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W601562904","https://openalex.org/W2113656455","https://openalex.org/W3089513976","https://openalex.org/W2078569098","https://openalex.org/W2488839314","https://openalex.org/W4253595902","https://openalex.org/W4387849040","https://openalex.org/W2079420557","https://openalex.org/W4387566360","https://openalex.org/W4302615849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,218],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,11,25,41,64,69,86,103,118,121,145,154,222,232,250,269,293],"this":[4,226],"study":[5,227],"was":[6,78,92,112],"to":[7,20,62,81,95,114,178,204,216,276],"evaluate":[8],"the":[9,23,65,82,87,101,104,116,140,155,230,247,266],"usability":[10,49,102,187,192,279],"a":[12,126,159,185,191,209,238],"top-rated":[13],"diabetes":[14,60,76,200,210],"app.":[15],"Such":[16],"apps":[17,235,260,282],"are":[18,201,214,283],"intended":[19],"markedly":[21],"support":[22,38],"achievement":[24],"optimal":[26],"health":[27,234,259,295],"and":[28,36,67,84,97,163,166,170,189,220,253],"financial":[29],"outcomes":[30],"by":[31,125,264],"providing":[32],"patients":[33,58,289],"with":[34,59,182,199],"substantive":[35],"continual":[37],"for":[39],"self-management":[40,70],"their":[42],"disease":[43,66],"between":[44,161],"periodic":[45],"clinician":[46],"visits.":[47],"Poor":[48],"can":[50,261,286],"deter":[51],"use":[52,292],"which":[53],"is":[54],"especially":[55],"concerning":[56],"in":[57,225,240,243,284,288],"due":[61,80],"prevalence":[63,83],"impact":[68],"on":[71,100,107,139],"long-term":[72],"prognosis.":[73],"METHODS:":[74],"A":[75,89],"app":[77,105,211],"selected":[79],"seriousness":[85],"disease.":[88],"heuristic":[90,122,137,156,223,271],"evaluation":[91],"then":[93],"performed":[94],"collect":[96],"analyze":[98],"data":[99],"based":[106],"Nielsen's":[108,146],"heuristics.":[109,148],"Pareto":[110,149],"analysis":[111,150],"used":[113],"illustrate":[115],"contribution":[117],"each":[119],"type":[120],"violation,":[123],"augmented":[124],"stacked":[127],"bar":[128],"chart":[129],"illuminating":[130],"associated":[131,254],"severity.":[132],"RESULTS:":[133],"There":[134],"were":[135],"51":[136],"violations":[138,157,224,272],"opening":[141],"screen,":[142],"violating":[143],"6":[144],"10":[147],"revealed":[151],"29":[152],"(57%)":[153],"involved":[158],"match":[160],"system":[162],"real":[164],"world":[165],"8":[167],"(16%)":[168],"aesthetic":[169],"minimalist":[171],"design.":[172,274],"Severity":[173],"ratings":[174],"ranged":[175],"from":[176,208,257,291],"1.0":[177],"4.0":[179],"(mean:":[180],"3.01)":[181],"80%":[183],"comprising":[184],"major":[186],"problem":[188],"6%":[190],"catastrophe.":[193],"CONCLUSION:":[194],"Studies":[195],"show":[196],"that":[197,229],"people":[198],"more":[202],"likely":[203],"receive":[205],"greater":[206],"benefit":[207],"if":[212],"they":[213],"easy":[215],"use.":[217],"number":[219],"severity":[221],"suggest":[228],"commercialization":[231],"mobile":[233,258],"may":[236],"play":[237],"factor":[239],"bypassing":[241],"experts":[242],"clinical":[244],"informatics":[245],"during":[246,273],"design":[248],"phase":[249],"development.":[251],"Usability":[252],"benefits":[255],"received":[256],"be":[262],"enhanced":[263],"debugging":[265],"user":[267],"interface":[268],"identified":[270],"Waiting":[275],"correct":[277],"ongoing":[278],"issues":[280],"while":[281],"production":[285],"result":[287],"disengaging":[290],"digital":[294],"tools":[296],"engendering":[297],"poorer":[298],"outcomes.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}