{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366259780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sands/2023005","title":"Towards building a firm metaverse security base","display_name":"Towards building a firm metaverse security base","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366259780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sands/2023005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/sands/2023005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sands/2023005","pdf_url":"https://sands.edpsciences.org/articles/sands/pdf/2023/01/sands20220019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281467","display_name":"Security and Safety","issn_l":"2826-1275","issn":["2826-1275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://sands.edpsciences.org/articles/sands/pdf/2023/01/sands20220019.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060246392","display_name":"An-Min Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7671-2835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153335","display_name":"China Telecom","ror":"https://ror.org/05p67dv18","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anmin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Telecom Research Institute, Shanghai, 200122, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Telecom Research Institute, Shanghai, 200122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101897375","display_name":"Xiaohui Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4469-7619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153335","display_name":"China Telecom","ror":"https://ror.org/05p67dv18","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Telecom Research Institute, Shanghai, 200122, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4469-7619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Telecom Research Institute, Shanghai, 200122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101904200","display_name":"Haiying Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-2118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153335","display_name":"China Telecom","ror":"https://ror.org/05p67dv18","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiying Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Telecom Research Institute, Shanghai, 200122, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Telecom Research Institute, Shanghai, 200122, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083734769","display_name":"Yungeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4436-946X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153335","display_name":"China Telecom","ror":"https://ror.org/05p67dv18","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yungeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Telecom Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Telecom Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087571877","display_name":"Yuan Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-4041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153335","display_name":"China Telecom","ror":"https://ror.org/05p67dv18","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Telecom Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Telecom Research Institute, Beijing, 102209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060246392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246","https://openalex.org/I4387153335"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9604,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75690474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"2023005","last_page":"2023005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.8776367902755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6196146607398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/possible-world","display_name":"Possible world","score":0.5385838747024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5004599094390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.24568456411361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.18578138947486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.17684879899024963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.8776367902755737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6196146607398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136172866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088088","display_name":"Possible world","level":2,"score":0.5385838747024536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5004599094390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.24568456411361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.18578138947486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.17684879899024963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1051/sands/2023005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sands/2023005","pdf_url":"https://sands.edpsciences.org/articles/sands/pdf/2023/01/sands20220019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281467","display_name":"Security and Safety","issn_l":"2826-1275","issn":["2826-1275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/sands/2023005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://sands.edpsciences.org/10.1051/sands/2023005/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sands/2023005","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:563eaedfd72b4338ac7561da05d47df2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/563eaedfd72b4338ac7561da05d47df2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Security and Safety, Vol 2, p 2023005 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/sands/2023005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/sands/2023005","pdf_url":"https://sands.edpsciences.org/articles/sands/pdf/2023/01/sands20220019.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281467","display_name":"Security and Safety","issn_l":"2826-1275","issn":["2826-1275"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security and Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4366259780.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029608738","https://openalex.org/W2222438788","https://openalex.org/W2976189582","https://openalex.org/W2990462800","https://openalex.org/W2992054303","https://openalex.org/W3012539654","https://openalex.org/W3162156224","https://openalex.org/W3206525235","https://openalex.org/W4232128065","https://openalex.org/W4311122810","https://openalex.org/W4323655037","https://openalex.org/W4361195394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309465602","https://openalex.org/W2248423326","https://openalex.org/W2166821106","https://openalex.org/W2996036240","https://openalex.org/W2188884285","https://openalex.org/W4317425055","https://openalex.org/W4312472357","https://openalex.org/W2318811661","https://openalex.org/W4308213611","https://openalex.org/W4312949427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,81],"Metaverse":[1,22,42,58,71,85,101,113,132],"is":[2,7,28,43,86],"a":[3,66,131,154],"significant":[4],"field":[5],"that":[6],"currently":[8],"receiving":[9],"considerable":[10],"attention":[11],"from":[12,23,136],"both":[13],"the":[14,21,38,41,50,57,70,84,89,96,100,107,112,121,128,159],"industry":[15],"and":[16,35,49,53,72,78,92,148,163],"academia.":[17],"transformation":[19],"of":[20,40,56,69,83,99,130,142],"science":[24],"fiction":[25],"to":[26,126,152],"reality":[27],"being":[29],"actively":[30],"promoted":[31],"by":[32],"technology,":[33],"industry,":[34],"capital.":[36],"However,":[37],"development":[39,82],"still":[44],"in":[45,111,150],"its":[46,74],"early":[47],"stages,":[48],"system":[51,122,135],"architecture":[52],"theoretical":[54],"technology":[55,124],"are":[59],"not":[60],"yet":[61],"mature.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"provides":[65],"comprehensive":[67],"analysis":[68],"summarizes":[73],"holographic,":[75],"omnipotent,":[76],"multidimensional,":[77],"multifaceted":[79],"characteristics.":[80],"founded":[87],"on":[88,95,116],"relevant":[90],"infrastructure,":[91],"we":[93,104,118],"elaborate":[94],"primary":[97],"components":[98],"infrastructure.":[102,114],"Furthermore,":[103],"systematically":[105],"summarize":[106],"security":[108,123,133,161],"risks":[109,162],"inherent":[110],"Based":[115],"this,":[117],"propose":[119],"utilizing":[120],"concept":[125],"guide":[127],"construction":[129],"protection":[134],"various":[137],"perspectives":[138],"at":[139],"each":[140],"level":[141],"computing,":[143],"cloud,":[144],"network,":[145],"digital":[146],"assets,":[147],"terminals,":[149],"order":[151],"construct":[153],"secure":[155],"foundation":[156],"for":[157],"addressing":[158],"Metaverse\u2019s":[160],"challenges.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}