{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387500584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023164","title":"Evaluation and optimization of hospital system in Chinese provinces: does mortality matter?","display_name":"Evaluation and optimization of hospital system in Chinese provinces: does mortality matter?","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387500584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/ro/2023164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023164","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/2024/01/ro220497.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20631277","display_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","issn_l":"0399-0559","issn":["0399-0559","1290-3868","2804-7303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748","https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences","Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/2024/01/ro220497.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075620925","display_name":"Zhiyang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5126-6461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148300","display_name":"Institut d'Economie Scientifique Et de Gestion","ror":"https://ror.org/04jqeag92","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159017","display_name":"Lille \u00c9conomie Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05bz47575","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I181827316","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210150854","https://openalex.org/I4210159017","https://openalex.org/I44563897"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IESEG School of Management, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9221 \u2013 LEM \u2013 Lille Economie Management, F-59000 Lille, France","I\u00c9SEG School Of Management [Puteaux] (Parvis de la D\u00e9fense, 92800 Puteaux - France)","LEM - Lille \u00e9conomie management - UMR 9221 (Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Site Cit\u00e9 Scientifique B\u00e2timent SH2 - 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq - France)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5126-6461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IESEG School of Management, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9221 \u2013 LEM \u2013 Lille Economie Management, F-59000 Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210148300","https://openalex.org/I4210159017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"I\u00c9SEG School Of Management [Puteaux] (Parvis de la D\u00e9fense, 92800 Puteaux - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEM - Lille \u00e9conomie management - UMR 9221 (Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Site Cit\u00e9 Scientifique B\u00e2timent SH2 - 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210159017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007864896","display_name":"Kristiaan Kerstens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-4332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148300","display_name":"Institut d'Economie Scientifique Et de Gestion","ror":"https://ror.org/04jqeag92","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159017","display_name":"Lille \u00c9conomie Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05bz47575","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I181827316","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210150854","https://openalex.org/I4210159017","https://openalex.org/I44563897"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristiaan Kerstens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Lille, CNRS, IESEG School of Management, UMR 9221 \u2013 LEM \u2013 Lille Economie Management, Lille, France","LEM - Lille \u00e9conomie management - UMR 9221 (Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Site Cit\u00e9 Scientifique B\u00e2timent SH2 - 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq - France)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-4332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, IESEG School of Management, UMR 9221 \u2013 LEM \u2013 Lille Economie Management, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210148300","https://openalex.org/I4210159017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEM - Lille \u00e9conomie management - UMR 9221 (Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Site Cit\u00e9 Scientifique B\u00e2timent SH2 - 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I4210159017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067284248","display_name":"Vivian Valdmanis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9752-297X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148300","display_name":"Institut d'Economie Scientifique Et de Gestion","ror":"https://ror.org/04jqeag92","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148300"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivian Valdmanis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emeritus Professor, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","I\u00c9SEG School Of Management [Puteaux] (Parvis de la D\u00e9fense, 92800 Puteaux - France)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9752-297X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emeritus Professor, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"I\u00c9SEG School Of Management [Puteaux] (Parvis de la D\u00e9fense, 92800 Puteaux - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036587531","display_name":"Songkai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0654-0975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songkai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China","BIT - Beijing Institute of Technology (5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing Postcode: 100081 - China)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0654-0975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BIT - Beijing Institute of Technology (5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing Postcode: 100081 - China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23909521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"1","first_page":"971","last_page":"987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.847000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12781","display_name":"Global Health Care Issues","score":0.847000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11531","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","score":0.7426999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.7415000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.7684050798416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.7089295387268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.5907709002494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-hospital","display_name":"Public hospital","score":0.5824792385101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5387545228004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5154903531074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-good","display_name":"Public good","score":0.4819716811180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.40435492992401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.36290043592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.35608839988708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34116441011428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3226127028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.32076936960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.32025158405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.11543390154838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1027882993221283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0948244035243988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.7684050798416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7089295387268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.5907709002494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775860198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257872","display_name":"Public hospital","level":2,"score":0.5824792385101318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5387545228004456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5154903531074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162222271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871","display_name":"Public good","level":2,"score":0.4819716811180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.40435492992401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.36290043592453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35608839988708496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34116441011428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3226127028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32076936960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.32025158405303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11543390154838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1027882993221283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0948244035243988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1051/ro/2023164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023164","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/2024/01/ro220497.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20631277","display_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","issn_l":"0399-0559","issn":["0399-0559","1290-3868","2804-7303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748","https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences","Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04273771v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04273771","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04273771/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research, 2024, 58 (1), pp.971-987. ⟨10.1051/ro/2023164⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/ro/2023164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/10.1051/ro/2023164/pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/forth/ro220497.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023164","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04273771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04273771/document","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lilloa.univ-lille.fr:20.500.12210/89269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12210/89269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402203","display_name":"LillOA (Universit\u00e9 de Lille (University Of Lille))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210123514","host_organization_name":"Centre d'Etudes en Civilisations, Langues et Litt\u00e9ratures Etrang\u00e8res","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/ro/2023164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023164","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/2024/01/ro220497.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20631277","display_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","issn_l":"0399-0559","issn":["0399-0559","1290-3868","2804-7303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748","https://openalex.org/P4310319982"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences","Science Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387500584.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387500584.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1793423390","https://openalex.org/W1921325656","https://openalex.org/W1936468172","https://openalex.org/W1977420904","https://openalex.org/W1981199559","https://openalex.org/W1989656547","https://openalex.org/W1992982566","https://openalex.org/W2007150393","https://openalex.org/W2016990371","https://openalex.org/W2022041746","https://openalex.org/W2059288723","https://openalex.org/W2060098074","https://openalex.org/W2062997103","https://openalex.org/W2066985790","https://openalex.org/W2070202472","https://openalex.org/W2075100047","https://openalex.org/W2128826493","https://openalex.org/W2134572240","https://openalex.org/W2143456384","https://openalex.org/W2155926656","https://openalex.org/W2171702608","https://openalex.org/W2299665272","https://openalex.org/W2317828950","https://openalex.org/W2390226763","https://openalex.org/W2619268955","https://openalex.org/W2777233740","https://openalex.org/W2780324142","https://openalex.org/W2788794865","https://openalex.org/W2801492526","https://openalex.org/W2894988188","https://openalex.org/W2904963949","https://openalex.org/W2946329412","https://openalex.org/W2976258142","https://openalex.org/W2998214368","https://openalex.org/W3087841764","https://openalex.org/W3104983105","https://openalex.org/W3126247423","https://openalex.org/W3134080520","https://openalex.org/W3165257114","https://openalex.org/W3169777073","https://openalex.org/W3171175591","https://openalex.org/W3172781652","https://openalex.org/W3180264418","https://openalex.org/W3181792968","https://openalex.org/W3199605952","https://openalex.org/W4206484151","https://openalex.org/W4285733997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W2011676020","https://openalex.org/W2329895846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,38,45,48,55,63,68,97,133,144,150],"production":[2,56,151],"process":[3],"of":[4,32,47,57,72,86],"goods":[5,59],"and":[6,60,102],"services,":[7],"sometimes":[8],"undesirable":[9,26,42,130],"outputs":[10,27,131],"are":[11],"difficult":[12],"to":[13,36,54,113,148],"avoid.":[14],"However,":[15],"this":[16,33,111],"aspect":[17],"is":[18,35,76,146],"often":[19],"ignored.":[20],"Hospitals":[21],"produce":[22],"patient":[23],"care,":[24],"but":[25],"do":[28],"arise.":[29],"The":[30,121],"novelty":[31],"paper":[34],"introduce":[37],"mortality":[39,73,105,145],"as":[40,78],"an":[41,83],"output":[43],"into":[44],"derivation":[46],"public":[49,98,115],"hospital":[50,75,99,116],"efficiency":[51,100,117],"measure.":[52],"Similar":[53],"economic":[58],"pollution":[61],"where":[62],"latter":[64],"increase":[65],"along":[66],"with":[67,101],"former,":[69],"our":[70],"description":[71],"in":[74,118],"considered":[77],"weakly":[79],"disposable.":[80],"Based":[81],"on":[82,141],"extension":[84],"model":[85,112],"Kuosmanen":[87],"[Am.":[88],"J.":[89],"Agric.":[90],"Econ.":[91],"87":[92],"(2005)":[93],"1077\u20131082],":[94],"we":[95],"evaluate":[96],"without":[103],"incorporating":[104],"under":[106],"four":[107],"scenarios.":[108],"We":[109],"apply":[110],"measure":[114],"Chinese":[119],"provinces.":[120],"results":[122],"indicate":[123],"that":[124],"no":[125],"matter":[126],"whether":[127],"one":[128],"considers":[129],"within":[132],"objective":[134],"functions,":[135],"it":[136],"has":[137],"a":[138],"significant":[139],"impact":[140],"benchmarking":[142],"once":[143],"included":[147],"define":[149],"technology.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}