{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159339715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021068","title":"A hybrid NSGA-II algorithm for the closed-loop supply chain network design in e-commerce","display_name":"A hybrid NSGA-II algorithm for the closed-loop supply chain network design in e-commerce","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159339715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021068","mag":"3159339715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/ro/2021068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021068","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/2021/04/ro200482.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20631277","display_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","issn_l":"0399-0559","issn":["0399-0559","1290-3868","2804-7303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/2021/04/ro200482.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068806375","display_name":"Shayan Shafiee Moghadam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shayan Shafiee Moghadam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033218613","display_name":"Amir Aghsami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0175-2979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80543232","display_name":"K.N.Toosi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0433abe34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Aghsami","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","School of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0175-2979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039269418","display_name":"Masoud Rabbani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-4922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Rabbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6915,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9312818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3","first_page":"1643","last_page":"1674"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10164","display_name":"Quality and Supply Management","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.8256034255027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-network","display_name":"Supply chain network","score":0.6407210230827332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6402620673179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5469647645950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.5329967737197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5310544967651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain-management","display_name":"Supply chain management","score":0.508885383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4644453823566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-algorithm","display_name":"Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)","score":0.4487416744232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4198075532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4187331199645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3253662586212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-satisfaction","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","score":0.18642345070838928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.16748365759849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.16494593024253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13417458534240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13276407122612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-logic-programming","display_name":"Constraint logic programming","score":0.1252356767654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0714486837387085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.8256034255027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778397037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083947","display_name":"Supply chain network","level":4,"score":0.6407210230827332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6402620673179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5469647645950317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.5329967737197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5310544967651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44104985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492886","display_name":"Supply chain management","level":3,"score":0.508885383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4644453823566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62469222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092103","display_name":"Hybrid algorithm (constraint satisfaction)","level":5,"score":0.4487416744232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4198075532913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4187331199645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3253662586212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44616089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30158686","display_name":"Constraint satisfaction","level":3,"score":0.18642345070838928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16748365759849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.16494593024253845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13417458534240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13276407122612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176783269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164378","display_name":"Constraint logic programming","level":4,"score":0.1252356767654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0714486837387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1051/ro/2021068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021068","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/2021/04/ro200482.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20631277","display_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","issn_l":"0399-0559","issn":["0399-0559","1290-3868","2804-7303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/ro/2021068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/10.1051/ro/2021068/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021068","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:26a37061-935c-4293-a146-f44dd3de0670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.aybu.edu.tr/publication/details/26a37061-935c-4293-a146-f44dd3de0670/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055213","display_name":"AYBU AVESIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:numdam.org:RO_2021__55_3_1643_0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.numdam.org/articles/10.1051/ro/2021068/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402264","display_name":"French digital mathematics library (Numdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70900168","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Savoie Mont Blanc","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70900168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/ro/2021068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021068","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ro.org/articles/ro/pdf/2021/04/ro200482.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20631277","display_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","issn_l":"0399-0559","issn":["0399-0559","1290-3868","2804-7303"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159339715.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159339715.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967139445","https://openalex.org/W1996228877","https://openalex.org/W1997188340","https://openalex.org/W1998408808","https://openalex.org/W2017434437","https://openalex.org/W2020320008","https://openalex.org/W2020833085","https://openalex.org/W2022485595","https://openalex.org/W2028542303","https://openalex.org/W2029397411","https://openalex.org/W2045306539","https://openalex.org/W2047502779","https://openalex.org/W2064887541","https://openalex.org/W2074451290","https://openalex.org/W2086223804","https://openalex.org/W2111107475","https://openalex.org/W2116661285","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2167159964","https://openalex.org/W2321035786","https://openalex.org/W2402777685","https://openalex.org/W2460787234","https://openalex.org/W2467730800","https://openalex.org/W2553648888","https://openalex.org/W2598403571","https://openalex.org/W2607780400","https://openalex.org/W2750565915","https://openalex.org/W2754472352","https://openalex.org/W2789340341","https://openalex.org/W2808993793","https://openalex.org/W2891364111","https://openalex.org/W2898633120","https://openalex.org/W2911216922","https://openalex.org/W2913590011","https://openalex.org/W2973767826","https://openalex.org/W2987130939","https://openalex.org/W3105444733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2203243600","https://openalex.org/W2130815404","https://openalex.org/W226119847","https://openalex.org/W2122665723","https://openalex.org/W2185061628","https://openalex.org/W2036419159","https://openalex.org/W146794755","https://openalex.org/W2386024198","https://openalex.org/W2052793446","https://openalex.org/W3161134830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Designing":[0],"the":[1,8,47,52,91,102,107,119,130,137],"supply":[2,30,53,67,86],"chain":[3,31,54,68,87],"network":[4,88],"is":[5,32],"one":[6],"of":[7,27,129],"significant":[9],"areas":[10],"in":[11,21,37,46,123],"e-commerce":[12,22,29,92],"business":[13],"management.":[14],"This":[15,40],"concept":[16],"plays":[17],"a":[18,34,75,84,141],"crucial":[19,35],"role":[20],"systems.":[23],"For":[24],"example,":[25],"location-inventory-pricing-routing":[26],"an":[28,65],"considered":[33],"issue":[36],"this":[38],"field.":[39],"field":[41],"established":[42],"many":[43],"severe":[44],"challenges":[45],"modern":[48],"world,":[49],"like":[50],"maintaining":[51],"for":[55,136],"returned":[56],"items,":[57],"preserving":[58],"customers\u2019":[59,108],"trust":[60],"and":[61,63,106,116],"satisfaction,":[62],"developing":[64],"applicable":[66],"with":[69],"cost":[70],"considerations.":[71],"The":[72,94,127],"research":[73],"proposes":[74],"multi-objective":[76],"mixed":[77],"integer":[78],"nonlinear":[79],"programming":[80],"model":[81,96,132],"to":[82,155],"design":[83],"closed-loop":[85],"based":[89],"on":[90],"context.":[93],"proposed":[95],"incorporates":[97],"two":[98],"objectives":[99],"that":[100],"optimize":[101],"business\u2019s":[103],"total":[104],"profits":[105],"satisfaction.":[109],"Then,":[110],"numerous":[111],"numerical":[112],"examples":[113],"are":[114],"generated":[115],"solved":[117],"using":[118],"epsilon":[120],"constraint":[121],"method":[122],"GAMS":[124],"optimization":[125],"software.":[126],"validation":[128],"given":[131],"has":[133,152],"been":[134,153],"tested":[135],"large":[138],"problems":[139],"via":[140],"hybrid":[142],"two-level":[143],"non-dominated":[144],"sort":[145],"genetic":[146],"algorithm.":[147],"Finally,":[148],"some":[149,157],"sensitivity":[150],"analysis":[151],"performed":[154],"provide":[156],"managerial":[158],"insights.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T06:14:10.401900","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
