{"id":"https://openalex.org/W8065238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ita/1993270100491","title":"Efficient reductions of picture words","display_name":"Efficient reductions of picture words","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W8065238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ita/1993270100491","mag":"8065238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/ita/1993270100491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ita/1993270100491","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ita.org/articles/ita/pdf/1993/01/ita1993270100491.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6941720","display_name":"RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications","issn_l":"0988-3754","issn":["0988-3754","1290-385X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.rairo-ita.org/articles/ita/pdf/1993/01/ita1993270100491.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080729232","display_name":"Franz J. Brandenburg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6544-8496"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Franz J. Brandenburg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073072370","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Dassow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4735-4696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107249","display_name":"Klinikum Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01trdns33","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138551","display_name":"University Hospital Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/03m04df46","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138551"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Dassow","raw_affiliation_strings":[") Technische Universitt Magdeburg, Fakltat fr Mathematik, O 3010 Magdeburg,",") Technische Universit\u00e2t Magdeburg, Fak\u00fcltat f\u00fcr Mathematik, O 3010 Magdeburg,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":") Technische Universitt Magdeburg, Fakltat fr Mathematik, O 3010 Magdeburg,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":") Technische Universit\u00e2t Magdeburg, Fak\u00fcltat f\u00fcr Mathematik, O 3010 Magdeburg,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138551"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080729232"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00053333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1","first_page":"49","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.577098548412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4414185583591461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.418287068605423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3802688717842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2295699417591095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.577098548412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4414185583591461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.418287068605423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3802688717842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2295699417591095}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1051/ita/1993270100491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ita/1993270100491","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ita.org/articles/ita/pdf/1993/01/ita1993270100491.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6941720","display_name":"RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications","issn_l":"0988-3754","issn":["0988-3754","1290-385X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edpsciences.org:dkey/10.1051/ita/1993270100491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ita.org/10.1051/ita/1993270100491/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400744","display_name":"Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8488066","host_organization_name":"Chiba Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8488066"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ita/1993270100491","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:numdam.org:ITA_1993__27_1_49_0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.numdam.org/item/ITA_1993__27_1_49_0/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402264","display_name":"French digital mathematics library (Numdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70900168","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Savoie Mont Blanc","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70900168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1051/ita/1993270100491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ita/1993270100491","pdf_url":"https://www.rairo-ita.org/articles/ita/pdf/1993/01/ita1993270100491.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6941720","display_name":"RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications","issn_l":"0988-3754","issn":["0988-3754","1290-385X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319748","host_organization_name":"EDP Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319748"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["EDP Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W8065238.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W8065238.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9118522","https://openalex.org/W1584945892","https://openalex.org/W1593258398","https://openalex.org/W1655990431","https://openalex.org/W1928311635","https://openalex.org/W1967134973","https://openalex.org/W1986558002","https://openalex.org/W2002089154","https://openalex.org/W2009798194","https://openalex.org/W2064284095","https://openalex.org/W2134649675"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W3192589309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"de":[0,8],"ce":[1],"fichier":[2],"doit":[3],"contenir":[4],"la":[5],"prsente":[6],"mention":[7],"copyright.":[9]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}