{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410070575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.70013","title":"Privacy Preserving Federated Learning for Energy Disaggregation of Smart Homes","display_name":"Privacy Preserving Federated Learning for Energy Disaggregation of Smart Homes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410070575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.70013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cps2.70013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.70013","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cps2.70013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178773","display_name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems Theory & Applications","issn_l":"2398-3396","issn":["2398-3396"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cps2.70013","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103086613","display_name":"Mazhar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0764-2181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141371507","display_name":"Soongsil University","ror":"https://ror.org/017xnm587","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazhar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University  Seoul Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0764-2181","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University  Seoul Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074823223","display_name":"Ajit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-2270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141371507","display_name":"Soongsil University","ror":"https://ror.org/017xnm587","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajit Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University  Seoul Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5728-2270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University  Seoul Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088745395","display_name":"Bong Jun Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-749X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141371507","display_name":"Soongsil University","ror":"https://ror.org/017xnm587","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bong Jun Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University  Seoul Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6550-749X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University  Seoul Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088745395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141371507"],"apc_list":{"value":2420,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2420},"apc_paid":{"value":2420,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2420},"fwci":10.2327,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97839499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5924034118652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5506040453910828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.44504404067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3960241377353668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2009562849998474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5924034118652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5506040453910828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.44504404067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3960241377353668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2009562849998474}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/cps2.70013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.70013","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cps2.70013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178773","display_name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems Theory & Applications","issn_l":"2398-3396","issn":["2398-3396"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f5572fd5a274e558fe0a2fa6fbf76fb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f5572fd5a274e558fe0a2fa6fbf76fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cps2.70013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cps2.70013","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cps2.70013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178773","display_name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems Theory & Applications","issn_l":"2398-3396","issn":["2398-3396"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5254215403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2025-00557379","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8134130306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2025-RS-2020-II201602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410070575.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410070575.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2277465170","https://openalex.org/W2473418344","https://openalex.org/W2784621220","https://openalex.org/W2963819344","https://openalex.org/W2978348882","https://openalex.org/W3013385581","https://openalex.org/W3042025286","https://openalex.org/W3045430323","https://openalex.org/W3091401866","https://openalex.org/W3165330420","https://openalex.org/W3203254411","https://openalex.org/W3207730944","https://openalex.org/W3214082518","https://openalex.org/W3215079859","https://openalex.org/W3215811711","https://openalex.org/W4283275340","https://openalex.org/W4283773185","https://openalex.org/W4286961857","https://openalex.org/W4287646898","https://openalex.org/W4289828999","https://openalex.org/W4303981459","https://openalex.org/W4312983473","https://openalex.org/W4316468174","https://openalex.org/W4377089810","https://openalex.org/W4385688699","https://openalex.org/W4386066601","https://openalex.org/W4386083022","https://openalex.org/W4386233465","https://openalex.org/W4386607686","https://openalex.org/W4390188104","https://openalex.org/W4394800486","https://openalex.org/W4397023821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4298221930","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2777914285","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W3176937389","https://openalex.org/W4408069290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Smart":[1],"advanced":[2],"metering":[3],"infrastructure":[4],"and":[5,49,85,113,234,249],"edge":[6,75,111],"devices":[7,76,112],"show":[8],"promising":[9],"solutions":[10],"in":[11,100,162,259],"digitalising":[12],"distributed":[13],"energy":[14,159,247],"systems.":[15],"Energy":[16],"disaggregation":[17],"of":[18,26,63,140,158],"household":[19],"load":[20,165],"consumption":[21],"provides":[22],"a":[23,54,59,70,97,102,119,134,174],"better":[24],"understanding":[25],"consumers\u2019":[27],"appliance\u2010level":[28],"usage":[29],"patterns.":[30],"Machine":[31],"learning":[32,95,177],"approaches":[33,258],"enhance":[34],"the":[35,66,82,106,115,130,138,155,163,187,203,209,218,226,231,246],"power":[36],"system's":[37],"efficiency":[38],"but":[39],"this":[40],"is":[41],"contingent":[42],"upon":[43],"sufficient":[44],"training":[45,109],"samples":[46],"for":[47,205],"efficient":[48],"accurate":[50],"prediction":[51,248],"tasks.":[52],"In":[53],"centralised":[55],"setup,":[56],"transferring":[57],"such":[58,80,101],"substantially":[60],"high":[61],"volume":[62],"information":[64,143,157,181,190],"to":[65,78,91,153,185,254],"cloud":[67,120],"server":[68,204],"has":[69],"communication":[71],"bottleneck.":[72],"Although":[73],"high\u2010computing":[74],"seek":[77],"address":[79],"problems,":[81],"data":[83],"scarcity":[84],"heterogeneity":[86],"among":[87],"clients":[88],"remain":[89],"challenges":[90],"be":[92,200],"addressed.":[93],"Federated":[94],"offers":[96],"compelling":[98],"solution":[99],"scenario":[103],"by":[104,133,169],"leveraging":[105],"ML":[107],"model":[108,189],"at":[110,118],"aggregating":[114],"client's":[116],"updates":[117,197,221],"server.":[121,149,227],"However,":[122],"FL":[123],"still":[124],"faces":[125],"significant":[126],"security":[127],"issues,":[128],"including":[129],"potential":[131],"eavesdropping":[132],"malicious":[135],"actor":[136],"with":[137,146,173,202,225],"intention":[139],"stealing":[141],"clients'":[142],"while":[144,195,223],"communicating":[145,224],"an":[147,212],"honest\u2010but\u2010curious":[148],"The":[150,179],"study":[151],"aims":[152],"secure":[154],"sensitive":[156],"users":[160],"participating":[161],"nonintrusive":[164],"monitoring":[166],"(NILM)":[167],"program":[168],"integrating":[170],"differential":[171,214],"privacy":[172,215],"personalised":[175,196],"federated":[176,260],"approach.":[178],"Fisher":[180],"method":[182],"was":[183],"adapted":[184],"extract":[186],"global":[188],"based":[191],"on":[192,217,230,244],"common":[193],"features,":[194],"will":[198],"not":[199],"shared":[201,219],"client\u2010specific":[206],"features.":[207],"Similarly,":[208],"authors":[210],"employed":[211],"adaptive":[213],"only":[216],"local":[220],"(DP\u2010PFL)":[222],"Experimental":[228],"results":[229],"Pecan":[232],"Street":[233],"REFIT":[235],"datasets":[236],"depict":[237],"that":[238],"DP\u2010PFL":[239],"exhibits":[240],"more":[241],"favourable":[242],"performance":[243],"both":[245],"status":[250],"classification":[251],"tasks":[252],"compared":[253],"other":[255],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[256],"DP":[257],"NILM.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}