{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411043126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70053","title":"Channel Estimation for Indoor Terahertz UM\u2010MIMO: A Deep Learning Perspective for 6G Applications","display_name":"Channel Estimation for Indoor Terahertz UM\u2010MIMO: A Deep Learning Perspective for 6G Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411043126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70053","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011018360","display_name":"Sakhshra Monga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sakhshra Monga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura Punjab India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5573-1016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura Punjab India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111280953","display_name":"Gunjan Garg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunjan Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura Punjab India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura Punjab India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086164438","display_name":"Nitin Saluja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6570-8606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74319210","display_name":"Chitkara University","ror":"https://ror.org/057d6z539","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitin Saluja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura Punjab India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura Punjab India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064718136","display_name":"Olutayo O. Oyerinde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-5448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olutayo Oyeyemi Oyerinde","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-5448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011018360"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74319210"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.5096,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65674125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.7252489328384399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7095349431037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6097724437713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6096551418304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5097882151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4807974398136139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.44278404116630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41704702377319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3939855396747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.389750212430954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.19702258706092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16751039028167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.10372886061668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06321665644645691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.7252489328384399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7095349431037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6097724437713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6096551418304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5097882151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4807974398136139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.44278404116630554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41704702377319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3939855396747589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.389750212430954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.19702258706092834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16751039028167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.10372886061668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06321665644645691}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009171710","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2256956336","https://openalex.org/W2789370391","https://openalex.org/W2807609521","https://openalex.org/W2889503892","https://openalex.org/W2908207995","https://openalex.org/W2910778537","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2962904198","https://openalex.org/W2962959174","https://openalex.org/W2972524504","https://openalex.org/W3004147897","https://openalex.org/W3008026851","https://openalex.org/W3081370447","https://openalex.org/W3160501005","https://openalex.org/W3178915341","https://openalex.org/W3195333689","https://openalex.org/W3200991537","https://openalex.org/W3201015336","https://openalex.org/W3208187232","https://openalex.org/W3212941463","https://openalex.org/W4200634346","https://openalex.org/W4206337041","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4282928345","https://openalex.org/W4285192749","https://openalex.org/W4310511012","https://openalex.org/W4321021943","https://openalex.org/W4365504037","https://openalex.org/W4366374863","https://openalex.org/W4379382365","https://openalex.org/W4399463344","https://openalex.org/W4405137482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W4229079866","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W3040184894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,87,135],"emergence":[2],"of":[3,35,43,137],"terahertz":[4],"(THz)":[5],"communication":[6,157],"in":[7,40,122,153],"ultra\u2010massive":[8],"multiple\u2010input":[9],"multiple\u2010output":[10],"(UM\u2010MIMO)":[11],"systems":[12],"presents":[13],"new":[14],"challenges":[15],"for":[16,74,84,151],"accurate":[17],"and":[18,49,52,131,144],"efficient":[19],"channel":[20,76],"estimation,":[21],"particularly":[22],"under":[23,140],"hybrid\u2010field":[24],"propagation":[25,95],"conditions.":[26],"Conventional":[27],"estimation":[28,77,115,133],"techniques":[29],"struggle":[30],"to":[31,91,93,119,129],"meet":[32],"the":[33,41,110,138],"demands":[34],"such":[36],"high\u2010dimensional":[37],"systems,":[38],"especially":[39],"presence":[42],"limited":[44],"radio":[45],"frequency":[46],"(RF)":[47],"chains":[48],"mixed":[50],"near\u2010":[51],"far\u2010field":[53],"effects.":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"these":[57],"limitations,":[58],"this":[59],"paper":[60],"proposes":[61],"a":[62,68,79],"deep":[63],"learning\u2010based":[64],"framework":[65],"that":[66,109],"combines":[67],"fully":[69],"connected":[70],"neural":[71,81],"network":[72,82],"(FCNN)":[73],"linear":[75],"with":[78],"convolutional":[80],"(CNN)":[83],"non\u2010linear":[85],"refinement.":[86],"architecture":[88],"is":[89],"designed":[90],"adapt":[92],"diverse":[94],"environments":[96],"while":[97],"maintaining":[98],"computational":[99],"efficiency.":[100],"Simulation":[101],"studies":[102],"based":[103],"on":[104],"realistic":[105],"THz":[106,156],"scenarios":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"proposed":[111],"approach":[112],"significantly":[113],"improves":[114],"accuracy,":[116],"achieving":[117],"up":[118],"90%":[120],"reduction":[121],"normalized":[123],"mean":[124],"squared":[125],"error":[126],"(NMSE)":[127],"compared":[128],"traditional":[130],"advanced":[132],"techniques.":[134],"robustness":[136],"model":[139],"varying":[141],"signal\u2010to\u2010noise":[142],"ratios":[143],"noise":[145],"power":[146],"levels":[147],"underscores":[148],"its":[149],"potential":[150],"deployment":[152],"future":[154],"6G":[155],"networks.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
