{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283835231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12066","title":"A deep learning\u2010based approach for software vulnerability detection using code metrics","display_name":"A deep learning\u2010based approach for software vulnerability detection using code metrics","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283835231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/sfw2.12066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12066","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/sfw2.12066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/sfw2.12066","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057660134","display_name":"Fazli Subhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2579-6346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazli Subhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2579-6346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102926361","display_name":"Xiaoxue Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5432-651X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxue Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013537395","display_name":"Lili Bo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-4923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Bo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-4923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006966486","display_name":"Xiaobing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-5080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046497465","display_name":"Muhammad Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering Yangzhou University Jiangsu  Yangzhou Jiangsu China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Yangzhou University Jiangsu, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006966486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":4.4637,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95444685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"5","first_page":"516","last_page":"526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.8038643002510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7972489595413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7144116759300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6716081500053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.6407927870750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6199719905853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5310445427894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43598243594169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15805286169052124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.8038643002510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7972489595413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7144116759300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6716081500053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6407927870750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6199719905853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5310445427894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43598243594169617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15805286169052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/sfw2.12066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12066","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/sfw2.12066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e04b2d33932743a187e6c12e560d924c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e04b2d33932743a187e6c12e560d924c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IET Software, Vol 16, Iss 5, Pp 516-526 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/sfw2.12066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12066","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/sfw2.12066","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283835231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283835231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063908269","https://openalex.org/W2517094600","https://openalex.org/W2680688782","https://openalex.org/W2762461128","https://openalex.org/W2793157084","https://openalex.org/W2796200341","https://openalex.org/W2885030880","https://openalex.org/W2895787676","https://openalex.org/W2941613753","https://openalex.org/W2962960733","https://openalex.org/W2963447020","https://openalex.org/W2980999875","https://openalex.org/W3016010691","https://openalex.org/W3016970378","https://openalex.org/W3023351371","https://openalex.org/W3029522002","https://openalex.org/W3048901179","https://openalex.org/W3049398420","https://openalex.org/W3086100325","https://openalex.org/W3091031970","https://openalex.org/W3107289082","https://openalex.org/W3108220046","https://openalex.org/W3108936298","https://openalex.org/W3111602563","https://openalex.org/W3127782461","https://openalex.org/W3137781054","https://openalex.org/W3159885222","https://openalex.org/W3160246388","https://openalex.org/W3161071537","https://openalex.org/W3177116043","https://openalex.org/W3177413187","https://openalex.org/W3194346579","https://openalex.org/W4205733352","https://openalex.org/W4211027502","https://openalex.org/W4221033043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Vulnerabilities":[1],"can":[2],"have":[3],"devastating":[4],"effects":[5],"on":[6,40],"information":[7],"security,":[8],"affecting":[9],"the":[10,57,69,91,96,146,187,211],"economy,":[11],"social":[12],"stability,":[13],"and":[14,35,52,157,179,224],"national":[15],"security.":[16],"The":[17,46,140,162],"idea":[18],"of":[19,49,60,71,93,105,128,173,177,182,186,201],"automatic":[20],"vulnerability":[21,30,114,119,208],"detection":[22,120,209],"has":[23,55,169],"always":[24],"attracted":[25],"researchers.":[26],"From":[27],"traditional":[28],"manual":[29],"mining":[31],"techniques":[32],"to":[33,83,89,193,204],"static":[34],"dynamic":[36],"detection,":[37,115],"all":[38],"rely":[39],"human":[41,65,75],"experts":[42,66],"for":[43,101,113,149],"feature":[44],"definition.":[45],"rapid":[47],"development":[48],"machine":[50],"learning":[51,54],"deep":[53,117,158,206],"alleviated":[56],"tedious":[58],"task":[59],"manually":[61],"defining":[62],"features":[63,92],"by":[64,74],"while":[67],"reducing":[68],"lack":[70],"objectivity":[72],"caused":[73],"subjective":[76],"awareness.":[77],"However,":[78],"it":[79,189],"is":[80,138,190],"still":[81],"necessary":[82],"find":[84],"an":[85,180,199],"objective":[86],"characterisation":[87],"method":[88],"define":[90],"vulnerabilities.":[94],"Therefore,":[95],"authors":[97,141],"use":[98,110],"code":[99,102,111],"metrics":[100,106,112],"characterisation,":[103],"sequences":[104],"representing":[107],"code.":[108],"To":[109],"a":[116,124,170,175,216,220],"learning\u2010based":[118,207],"approach":[121,148],"that":[122,167],"uses":[123],"composite":[125],"neural":[126,130,159],"network":[127,131,160],"convolutional":[129],"(CNN)":[132],"with":[133],"long":[134],"short\u2010term":[135],"memory":[136],"(LSTM)":[137],"proposed.":[139],"conduct":[142],"experiments":[143],"independently":[144],"using":[145],"proposed":[147,213],"CNN\u2010LSTM":[150,168],"CNN,":[151],"LSTM,":[152],"gated":[153],"recurrent":[154],"units":[155],"(GRU),":[156],"(DNN).":[161],"authors\u2019":[163,212],"experimental":[164],"results":[165],"show":[166],"high":[171],"precision":[172],"92%,":[174],"recall":[176],"99%,":[178],"accuracy":[181],"91%.":[183],"In":[184],"terms":[185],"F1\u2010score,":[188],"95%,":[191],"compared":[192],"previous":[194],"research":[195],"results,":[196],"which":[197],"indicated":[198],"improvement":[200],"18%.":[202],"Compared":[203],"other":[205],"models,":[210],"model":[214],"produced":[215],"lower":[217,221],"false\u2010positive":[218],"rate,":[219,223],"miss":[222],"improved":[225],"accuracy.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
