{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415443898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/9238663","title":"Blockchain\u2010Based Model to Predict Agile Software Estimation Using Machine Learning Techniques","display_name":"Blockchain\u2010Based Model to Predict Agile Software Estimation Using Machine Learning Techniques","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415443898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/9238663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/sfw2/9238663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/9238663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/9238663","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018507033","display_name":"Mohammad Ayub Latif","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ayub Latif","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7901-5967","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070932522","display_name":"Muhammad Khalid Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-1624"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Khalid Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-1624","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077694562","display_name":"Maaz Bin Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-3374"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maaz Bin Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-3374","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025537111","display_name":"Toqeer Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-2430"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toqeer Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-2430","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004698768","display_name":"Muhammad Tariq Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-3137"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tariq Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-3137","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080181483","display_name":"Yohan Joo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Bok Joo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3450-7782","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":2.3589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91863928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.927299976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.6226999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5964000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-sizing","display_name":"Software sizing","score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development-process","display_name":"Software development process","score":0.35679998993873596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.6226999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6021000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5964000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201515116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554363","display_name":"Software sizing","level":5,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180152950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904257","display_name":"Software development process","level":4,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/sfw2/9238663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/9238663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a29881eef65246978947aac97504c207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a29881eef65246978947aac97504c207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IET Software, Vol 2025 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/sfw2/9238663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2/9238663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321260","display_name":"Korea University of Technology and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/053nycv62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177261742","https://openalex.org/W285857824","https://openalex.org/W1695350145","https://openalex.org/W2005599223","https://openalex.org/W2027333824","https://openalex.org/W2035741146","https://openalex.org/W2066558815","https://openalex.org/W2074626524","https://openalex.org/W2075848956","https://openalex.org/W2085897419","https://openalex.org/W2087044144","https://openalex.org/W2087313950","https://openalex.org/W2109105289","https://openalex.org/W2124271421","https://openalex.org/W2131378644","https://openalex.org/W2131399871","https://openalex.org/W2168811232","https://openalex.org/W2402332043","https://openalex.org/W2480283529","https://openalex.org/W2494851992","https://openalex.org/W2516246192","https://openalex.org/W2589660059","https://openalex.org/W2593377544","https://openalex.org/W2794239588","https://openalex.org/W2798566560","https://openalex.org/W2803168927","https://openalex.org/W2803371097","https://openalex.org/W2915189456","https://openalex.org/W2947239244","https://openalex.org/W2954080448","https://openalex.org/W2963264685","https://openalex.org/W2963568637","https://openalex.org/W2979826091","https://openalex.org/W3022560936","https://openalex.org/W3022676665","https://openalex.org/W3094110753","https://openalex.org/W3115582253","https://openalex.org/W3120720036","https://openalex.org/W3126778811","https://openalex.org/W3130791602","https://openalex.org/W3153703445","https://openalex.org/W3165145188","https://openalex.org/W3175329215","https://openalex.org/W3185223169","https://openalex.org/W4200410776","https://openalex.org/W4206496811","https://openalex.org/W4220688075","https://openalex.org/W4220944134","https://openalex.org/W4225694846","https://openalex.org/W4225918200","https://openalex.org/W4283363198","https://openalex.org/W4285274950","https://openalex.org/W4300772332","https://openalex.org/W4312045253","https://openalex.org/W4312583412","https://openalex.org/W4313887279","https://openalex.org/W4320016108","https://openalex.org/W4323663748","https://openalex.org/W4324125512","https://openalex.org/W4327969900","https://openalex.org/W4379468363","https://openalex.org/W4379930397","https://openalex.org/W4382862791","https://openalex.org/W4385274873","https://openalex.org/W4386051083","https://openalex.org/W4386523713","https://openalex.org/W4388996825","https://openalex.org/W4392948414","https://openalex.org/W4393032045","https://openalex.org/W4393359044","https://openalex.org/W4399495561","https://openalex.org/W4404848722","https://openalex.org/W4415265009"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,119,173,249,270,294],"importance":[1],"of":[2,11,57,101,104,121,139,147,154,169,176,205,209,221,251,257,267,272,283],"software":[3,17,22,39,44,112,141,178],"estimation":[4,23,40,56,69,148,256],"is":[5,9,32,125,165,261],"utmost,":[6],"as":[7],"it":[8,127],"one":[10],"the":[12,26,37,48,65,86,89,91,97,111,115,122,133,137,161,166,177,185,188,194,201,210,218,230,239,246,252,273,281,284,305],"most":[13],"crucial":[14],"activities":[15],"for":[16,42,55,78,96,108,183,217,229,254,307],"project":[18],"management.":[19],"Although":[20],"numerous":[21],"techniques":[24,31,41,77,227,260],"exist,":[25],"accuracy":[27],"achieved":[28],"by":[29,193],"these":[30],"questionable.":[33],"This":[34,145,197],"work":[35,295],"studies":[36],"existing":[38],"Agile":[43],"development":[45],"(ASD),":[46],"identifies":[47],"gap,":[49],"and":[50,136,163,290,301,303],"proposes":[51],"a":[52,140,234,265],"decentralized":[53],"framework":[54],"ASD":[58,83,109],"using":[59,114,142,150,242],"machine\u2010learning":[60],"(ML)":[61],"algorithms,":[62],"which":[63],"utilize":[64],"blockchain":[66,129,155],"technology.":[67],"model":[70,93,124,198,212,232,241,286],"uses":[71],"nearest":[72],"neighbors":[73],"with":[74],"four":[75,225,259],"ML":[76,143,226],"ASD.":[79],"Using":[80],"an":[81],"available":[82],"dataset,":[84,90],"after":[85],"augmentation":[87],"on":[88,264],"proposed":[92,117,123,171,192,231,285],"emits":[94],"results":[95],"completion":[98,134],"time":[99,135],"prediction":[100,175],"software.":[102],"Use":[103],"another":[105,181],"popular":[106],"dataset":[107,220,266],"predicts":[110],"effort":[113,138,179,255],"same":[116],"model.":[118,172],"crux":[120],"that":[126],"simulates":[128],"technology":[130],"to":[131,215,299],"predict":[132],"algorithms.":[144],"type":[146],"model,":[149],"ML,":[151],"making":[152],"use":[153],"technology,":[156],"does":[157],"not":[158],"exist":[159],"in":[160,279,310],"literature,":[162],"this":[164,170,311],"core":[167],"novelty":[168],"final":[174],"integrates":[180],"technique":[182,191,276],"improving":[184],"calculated":[186],"estimation,":[187],"standard":[189,274],"deviation":[190,275],"authors":[195],"previously.":[196],"helped":[199],"lessening":[200,280],"overall":[202],"mean":[203],"magnitude":[204],"relative":[206],"error":[207],"(MMRE)":[208],"original":[211,240],"from":[213],"6.82%":[214],"1.73%":[216],"augmented":[219],"126":[222],"projects.":[223,269],"All":[224],"used":[228],"give":[233,297],"better":[235],"p":[236],"\u2010value":[237],"than":[238],"statistical":[243],"testing":[244],"through":[245],"Wilcoxon":[247],"test.":[248],"average":[250],"MMRE":[253,282],"all":[258],"below":[262],"25%":[263],"136":[268],"application":[271],"further":[277],"helps":[278],"at":[287],"70%,":[288],"80%,":[289],"90%":[291],"confidence":[292],"levels.":[293],"will":[296],"insight":[298],"researchers":[300],"experts":[302],"open":[304],"doors":[306],"new":[308],"research":[309],"area.":[312]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}
