{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3106638869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch3","title":"Blockchain consensuses and incentives","display_name":"Blockchain consensuses and incentives","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3106638869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch3","mag":"3106638869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/pbpc029e_ch3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463440","display_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchains for Network Security: Principles, technologies and applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035376982","display_name":"Meijun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-6068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meijun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104666790","display_name":"Gaoyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2566-9360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaoyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101458399","display_name":"Jialin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5659-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337659","display_name":"Chen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-4954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397644","display_name":"Yang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-5722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003203521","display_name":"Shaohua Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-9081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158934434","display_name":"Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04yqxxq63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66707526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"39","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.8703914880752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8323047757148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7229976654052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7136109471321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5909410715103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus","display_name":"Consensus","score":0.5591144561767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5587272047996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5462273955345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eventual-consistency","display_name":"Eventual consistency","score":0.4997119903564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithm","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","score":0.4972262680530548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.48358315229415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.47312018275260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40698671340942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.28165602684020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.20680910348892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.17040389776229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10794296860694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09500524401664734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.8703914880752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8323047757148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7229976654052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7136109471321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5909410715103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.5591144561767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5587272047996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5462273955345154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34422012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6125872","display_name":"Eventual consistency","level":4,"score":0.4997119903564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983222225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4972262680530548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.48358315229415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.47312018275260925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40698671340942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.28165602684020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.20680910348892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.17040389776229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10794296860694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09500524401664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/pbpc029e_ch3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463440","display_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchains for Network Security: Principles, technologies and applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3194244590","https://openalex.org/W2145120192","https://openalex.org/W3210065602","https://openalex.org/W3132443168","https://openalex.org/W4200413673","https://openalex.org/W4366607545","https://openalex.org/W4313015754","https://openalex.org/W4313890288","https://openalex.org/W3088605168","https://openalex.org/W4388228623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,7,15,33,47,50,61,65,68,91,111,120,125,130,138,142,146,153],"core":[2],"of":[3,17,26,30,49,64,83,93,115,122,127,132,148,156],"a":[4,80,149],"blockchain":[5,35,51,88],"system,":[6,89],"consensus":[8,66,85,150,160],"mechanism":[9,144],"not":[10],"only":[11],"helps":[12],"to":[13,129],"maintain":[14],"consistency":[16],"nodes&apos;":[18],"data":[19],"but":[20],"also":[21],"gets":[22],"involved":[23],"in":[24,39,73,87,145],"issuance":[25],"tokens":[27],"and":[28,53,67,109,113,134,151],"prevention":[29],"attacks.":[31],"Since":[32],"first":[34],"system":[36],"was":[37],"born":[38],"2009,":[40],"it":[41],"has":[42],"been":[43],"continuously":[44],"improved":[45],"with":[46,60],"development":[48],"technology":[52],"evolved":[54],"into":[55],"multiple":[56],"new":[57],"branches.":[58],"Starting":[59],"basic":[62],"introduction":[63],"classic":[69],"Byzantine":[70,104],"Generals":[71],"Problem":[72],"distributed":[74],"computing":[75],"area,":[76],"this":[77],"chapter":[78],"proposes":[79],"thorough":[81],"classification":[82],"current":[84],"protocols":[86,95],"enumerates":[90],"characteristics":[92],"mainstream":[94],"(proof-of-work":[96],"(PoW),":[97],"proof-of-stake":[98],"(PoS),":[99],"delegated":[100],"PoS":[101],"(DPoS),":[102],"practical":[103,159],"fault":[105],"tolerance":[106],"(PBFT),":[107],"etc.)":[108],"analyzes":[110],"strengths":[112],"weaknesses":[114],"them.":[116],"Then":[117],"we":[118,140],"compare":[119],"performances":[121],"them":[123],"from":[124],"number":[126],"nodes":[128],"degree":[131],"scalability":[133],"other":[135],"aspects.":[136],"In":[137],"end,":[139],"introduce":[141],"incentive":[143],"design":[147],"summarize":[152],"future":[154],"directions":[155],"developing":[157],"more":[158],"schemes.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
