{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107285077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch1","title":"Introduction to blockchains","display_name":"Introduction to blockchains","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107285077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch1","mag":"3107285077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/pbpc029e_ch1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463440","display_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchains for Network Security: Principles, technologies and applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053579397","display_name":"Haojun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-8529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haojun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101458399","display_name":"Jialin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5659-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770003","display_name":"Geyong Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-7314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geyong Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607639","display_name":"Wang Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7941-2715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053579397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26009897,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9111999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9604678153991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.7654027938842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-currency","display_name":"Digital currency","score":0.6375116109848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6080012321472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5752599239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization","display_name":"Decentralization","score":0.563168466091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5387393832206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.5219683051109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.48104265332221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ledger","display_name":"Ledger","score":0.44244712591171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/currency","display_name":"Currency","score":0.41482290625572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.3637532591819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.28929269313812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.19701126217842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1447727084159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10667446255683899}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9604678153991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.7654027938842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48220719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Digital currency","level":3,"score":0.6375116109848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6080012321472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5752599239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.563168466091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5387393832206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.5219683051109314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.48104265332221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.44244712591171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141121606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8142","display_name":"Currency","level":2,"score":0.41482290625572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.3637532591819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.28929269313812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.19701126217842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1447727084159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10667446255683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/pbpc029e_ch1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/pbpc029e_ch1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463440","display_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blockchains for Network Security: Principles, technologies and applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365797016","https://openalex.org/W3215635167","https://openalex.org/W4280585582","https://openalex.org/W1950719656","https://openalex.org/W2913682208","https://openalex.org/W4313465241","https://openalex.org/W3184163161","https://openalex.org/W2907115098","https://openalex.org/W4379514359","https://openalex.org/W4225412134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"blockchain":[1,63,113,141,151,161,167,216],"is":[2,179],"a":[3,28,33,76,83,103,237],"distributed":[4,29,84],"database":[5],"or":[6],"ledger":[7],"that":[8],"maintains":[9],"an":[10,99],"ever-growing":[11],"list":[12],"of":[13,36,45,135,160,187,215,223,239],"data":[14,25],"records":[15],"in":[16,61,90,98],"opposition":[17],"to":[18,81,108,131],"tampering":[19],"and":[20,31,38,51,66,128,137,152,170,185,199,221],"revision.":[21],"It":[22],"provides":[23,233],"immutable":[24],"storage":[26],"over":[27],"network":[30,48,89],"supports":[32],"large":[34],"number":[35],"encrypted":[37],"coded":[39],"interactions,":[40],"which":[41,91],"improves":[42],"the":[43,46,53,62,68,132,139,158,183,211,219],"reliability":[44],"entire":[47],"interaction":[49],"system":[50,69],"reduces":[52],"need":[54],"for":[55,111,236],"trust.":[56],"Even":[57],"if":[58],"some":[59],"nodes":[60],"are":[64,79,218],"hacked":[65],"fail,":[67],"can":[70,142],"run":[71],"as":[72,123,175,192,229],"usual.":[73],"(In":[74],"such":[75,122],"scenario,":[77],"users":[78],"enabled":[80],"form":[82],"peer":[85,87],"-to":[86],"(P2P)":[88],"they":[92],"could":[93],"interact":[94],"with":[95,182],"each":[96],"other":[97,116],"efficient":[100],"manner":[101],"without":[102],"trusted":[104],"intermediary).":[105],"In":[106,155],"addition":[107],"being":[109],"famous":[110],"decentralization,":[112],"has":[114,162],"shown":[115],"significant":[117,213],"characteristics":[118],"during":[119],"its":[120],"development,":[121],"reliability,":[124],"anonymity,":[125],"transparency,":[126],"auditability":[127],"programming.":[129],"According":[130],"different":[133],"degree":[134],"openness":[136],"coverage,":[138],"current":[140],"be":[143],"classified":[144],"into":[145],"three":[146,165],"categories:":[147],"public":[148],"blockchain,":[149],"consortium":[150],"private":[153],"blockchain.":[154],"this":[156],"process,":[157],"evolution":[159],"gone":[163],"through":[164],"processes:":[166],"1.0,":[168,173],"2.0":[169,217],"3.0.":[171],"Blockchain":[172,189,226],"known":[174,191,228],"digital":[176,193,230],"currency":[177,207],"stage,":[178,195,232],"strongly":[180],"related":[181],"decentralization":[184],"payment":[186],"cryptocurrencies.":[188],"2.0,":[190],"finance":[194],"introduces":[196],"economic,":[197],"financial":[198,243],"market":[200],"applications":[201],"by":[202],"programming":[203],"far":[204],"from":[205],"simple":[206],"transactions.":[208],"Among":[209],"them,":[210],"most":[212],"features":[214],"introduction":[220],"application":[222],"smart":[224],"contracts.":[225],"3.0,":[227],"society":[231],"decentralized":[234],"solutions":[235],"variety":[238],"industries":[240],"beyond":[241],"just":[242],"scene.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
