{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415237939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ise2/8683522","title":"Radio Frequency Fingerprinting for WiFi Authentication Based on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis","display_name":"Radio Frequency Fingerprinting for WiFi Authentication Based on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415237939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ise2/8683522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/ise2/8683522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ise2/8683522","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ise2/8683522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58852226","display_name":"IET Information Security","issn_l":"1751-8709","issn":["1751-8709","1751-8717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ise2/8683522","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082289998","display_name":"Shuguang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5066-1999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162213","display_name":"China Electronics Standardization Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05hxrpj87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162213","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuguang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn","Shandong Institute of Standardization ,  Jinan ,  Shandong ,  China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Institute of Standardization ,  Jinan ,  Shandong ,  China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108967680","display_name":"Songyan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055102454","display_name":"T.L. Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180632629","display_name":"Xi'an International Studies University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gcme754","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180632629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129906","display_name":"Xi\u2019an International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w30qy89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129906"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingjia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Engineering College ,  Xi\u2019an University of Technology ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xaut.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Engineering College ,  Xi\u2019an University of Technology ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xaut.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129906","https://openalex.org/I180632629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042357091","display_name":"Shuangrui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7677-4027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuangrui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444306","display_name":"Jiandong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4156-0157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiandong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qingdao Institute of Computing Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Qingdao ,  Shandong ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qingdao Institute of Computing Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Qingdao ,  Shandong ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043356063","display_name":"Yulong Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-705X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology ,  Xidian University ,  Xi\u2019an ,  Shaanxi ,  China ,  xidian.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042357091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15358231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detrended-fluctuation-analysis","display_name":"Detrended fluctuation analysis","score":0.7361999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7063000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.35339999198913574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7560999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21689155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2451452","display_name":"Detrended fluctuation analysis","level":3,"score":0.7361999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7063000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5781000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5182999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65856478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3991682","display_name":"Attack model","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26546657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452","display_name":"Fractal dimension","level":3,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/ise2/8683522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ise2/8683522","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ise2/8683522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58852226","display_name":"IET Information Security","issn_l":"1751-8709","issn":["1751-8709","1751-8717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c823e1160f474084874e367ff3ffdbb0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c823e1160f474084874e367ff3ffdbb0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IET Information Security, Vol 2025 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/ise2/8683522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ise2/8683522","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ise2/8683522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58852226","display_name":"IET Information Security","issn_l":"1751-8709","issn":["1751-8709","1751-8717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4328264082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92267204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4953024436","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GX-YBXM-028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5277163130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92267204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335577","funder_display_name":"Major Research Plan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6838048200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955107213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Major","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335577","display_name":"Major Research Plan","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415237939.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415237939.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103484453","https://openalex.org/W2121890365","https://openalex.org/W2132147894","https://openalex.org/W2133885245","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2165055936","https://openalex.org/W2489776261","https://openalex.org/W2524250027","https://openalex.org/W2620688973","https://openalex.org/W2749093550","https://openalex.org/W2981392034","https://openalex.org/W2981587265","https://openalex.org/W3009085249","https://openalex.org/W3089122921","https://openalex.org/W3108962068","https://openalex.org/W3140239071","https://openalex.org/W3172135703","https://openalex.org/W4214569028","https://openalex.org/W4313855696","https://openalex.org/W4377292765","https://openalex.org/W4393394714","https://openalex.org/W4406094058","https://openalex.org/W4413157008","https://openalex.org/W4413243074"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"physical\u2010layer":[1,132],"authentication":[2,123],"(PLA)":[3],"approaches":[4],"primarily":[5],"rely":[6],"on":[7,33,61,104],"a":[8,27,43,96],"limited":[9],"set":[10],"of":[11,54,128],"hardware":[12,45,63],"features,":[13],"which":[14],"restricts":[15],"their":[16],"robustness":[17],"and":[18,56,90],"accuracy":[19],"in":[20,130],"dynamic":[21],"wireless":[22],"environments.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"proposes":[26],"novel":[28],"PLA":[29,118],"enhancement":[30],"framework":[31],"based":[32],"nonlinear":[34],"signal":[35,106],"analysis,":[36],"introducing":[37],"detrended":[38],"fluctuation":[39],"analysis":[40],"(DFA)":[41],"as":[42,87],"distinctive":[44],"fingerprinting":[46],"feature.":[47],"We":[48],"first":[49],"model":[50],"the":[51,77,115,126],"statistical":[52],"properties":[53],"DFA":[55,78,129],"analytically":[57],"derive":[58],"its":[59,67],"dependence":[60],"intrinsic":[62],"imperfections,":[64],"thereby":[65],"establishing":[66],"feasibility":[68],"for":[69],"device":[70],"authentication.":[71],"To":[72],"improve":[73,122],"overall":[74],"system":[75],"performance,":[76],"feature":[79],"is":[80,102],"further":[81],"fused":[82],"with":[83],"conventional":[84],"features":[85],"such":[86],"fractal":[88],"dimension":[89],"carrier":[91],"frequency":[92],"offset":[93],"(CFO)":[94],"within":[95],"shallow":[97],"classification":[98],"framework.":[99],"Experimental":[100],"evaluation":[101],"conducted":[103],"real":[105],"data":[107],"collected":[108],"from":[109],"28":[110],"commercial":[111],"devices,":[112],"demonstrating":[113],"that":[114],"proposed":[116],"multifeature":[117],"scheme":[119],"can":[120],"significantly":[121],"accuracy,":[124],"confirming":[125],"effectiveness":[127],"enhancing":[131],"security":[133],"without":[134],"additional":[135],"cryptographic":[136],"overhead.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}