{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127596440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.70288","title":"AGFP: A Deep Attention\u2010Guided Framework for DWT\u2010Based Image Steganography","display_name":"AGFP: A Deep Attention\u2010Guided Framework for DWT\u2010Based Image Steganography","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127596440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.70288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/ipr2.70288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.70288","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.70288","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83215360","display_name":"IET Image Processing","issn_l":"1751-9659","issn":["1751-9659","1751-9667"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.70288","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063690423","display_name":"Taner \u00c7evik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9653-5832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53210213","display_name":"Istanbul Commerce University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v3kkq53","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53210213"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taner Cevik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Rumeli University  Istanbul Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Rumeli University  Istanbul Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53210213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084618385","display_name":"Nazife \u00c7evik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-9423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50627504","display_name":"Istanbul Arel University","ror":"https://ror.org/03natay60","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50627504"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazife Cevik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Arel University  Istanbul Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Arel University  Istanbul Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50627504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022130356","display_name":"Ali Pa\u015fao\u011flu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53210213","display_name":"Istanbul Commerce University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v3kkq53","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53210213"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Pasaoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Rumeli University  Istanbul Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Rumeli University  Istanbul Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53210213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085403471","display_name":"Fatih \u015eAH\u0130N","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-4413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Sahin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering Istanbul Topkapi University  Istanbul Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering Istanbul Topkapi University  Istanbul Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047294045","display_name":"Farzad Kiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0354-9344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146544","display_name":"Fatih Sultan Mehmet Waqf University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mma4681","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146544"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzad Kiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Application and Research Center (VEBIM) Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University  Istanbul Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0354-9344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Application and Research Center (VEBIM) Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University  Istanbul Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049014845","display_name":"M. Ag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2572-5645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53210213","display_name":"Istanbul Commerce University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v3kkq53","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53210213"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammet Sait Ag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Rumeli University  Istanbul Turkiye"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Rumeli University  Istanbul Turkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53210213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063690423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53210213"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21960328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9376000165939331,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9376000165939331,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.9387999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6504999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6096000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6083999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-visual-system-model","display_name":"Human visual system model","score":0.46709999442100525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.9387999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7426000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6589000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6504999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6096000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6083999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27230000495910645}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/ipr2.70288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.70288","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.70288","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83215360","display_name":"IET Image Processing","issn_l":"1751-9659","issn":["1751-9659","1751-9667"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:acikerisim.fsm.edu.tr:11352/6041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11352/6041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400556","display_name":"DSpace@FSM (FSM Vakif University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210146544","host_organization_name":"Fatih Sultan Mehmet Waqf University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146544"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/ipr2.70288","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.70288","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.70288","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83215360","display_name":"IET Image Processing","issn_l":"1751-9659","issn":["1751-9659","1751-9667"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127596440.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7127596440.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105673003","https://openalex.org/W1760530029","https://openalex.org/W2118296934","https://openalex.org/W2146621575","https://openalex.org/W2159390040","https://openalex.org/W2161022751","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W3142067920","https://openalex.org/W4386088228","https://openalex.org/W4396629563","https://openalex.org/W4413157136"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"introduces":[3],"a":[4,182,202],"novel":[5],"attention\u2010guided":[6],"Discrete":[7],"Wavelet":[8],"Transform":[9],"(DWT)\u2010based":[10],"steganography":[11],"framework,":[12],"named":[13],"Attention\u2010Guided":[14],"Feature":[15],"Perturbation":[16],"(AGFP),":[17],"which":[18,45],"integrates":[19],"deep":[20],"visual":[21,48,123],"attention":[22,71],"maps":[23],"with":[24,192],"transform\u2010domain":[25],"embedding":[26],"to":[27,53,147,205],"enhance":[28],"imperceptibility,":[29],"robustness,":[30],"and":[31,43,67,81,92,107,110,115,131,154,165,173,185,196],"steganalysis":[32,167],"resistance.":[33],"Unlike":[34],"recent":[35,206],"deep\u2010learning\u2010based":[36,174,207],"steganographic":[37,187,208],"systems":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40,65,201],"iSCMIS,":[41,150],"JARS\u2010Net,":[42],"RMSteg,":[44,153],"achieve":[46],"high":[47,122,190],"fidelity":[49],"but":[50],"are":[51,63],"susceptible":[52],"statistical":[54],"detection,":[55],"AGFP":[56,101,134,159,180],"perturbs":[57],"only":[58],"those":[59],"wavelet":[60],"coefficients":[61],"that":[62,100,179],"identified":[64],"perceptually":[66],"statistically":[68],"stable":[69],"by":[70],"mechanisms":[72],"extracted":[73],"from":[74],"pre\u2010trained":[75],"CNN":[76],"models":[77],"(VGG19,":[78],"ResNet50,":[79],"AlexNet,":[80],"GoogLeNet).":[82],"The":[83],"proposed":[84],"method":[85],"is":[86],"evaluated":[87],"on":[88],"the":[89,93,161],"USC\u2010SIPI":[90],"dataset":[91],"BOSSBase":[94],"1.01":[95],"benchmark.":[96],"Experimental":[97],"results":[98,177],"show":[99],"achieves":[102],"PSNR":[103,130],"values":[104],"between":[105,113],"64.29":[106],"55.43":[108],"dB":[109],"SSIM":[111,132],"scores":[112,169],"0.9999":[114],"0.9989":[116],"across":[117],"varying":[118],"payloads,":[119],"indicating":[120],"consistently":[121],"quality.":[124],"While":[125],"iSCMIS":[126],"reports":[127],"slightly":[128],"higher":[129],"values,":[133],"significantly":[135],"outperforms":[136],"all":[137],"compared":[138,146],"methods":[139],"in":[140],"bit":[141],"error":[142],"rate":[143],"(BER)\u2014achieving":[144],"0.01\u20130.12,":[145],"0.45\u20130.47":[148],"for":[149,152,156],"0.31\u20130.37":[151],"0.57\u20130.75":[155],"JARS\u2010Net.":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"attains":[160],"lowest":[162],"RS,":[163],"SPA,":[164],"SRM":[166],"detection":[168],"among":[170],"both":[171],"classical":[172],"systems.":[175],"These":[176],"confirm":[178],"offers":[181],"more":[183],"balanced":[184],"secure":[186],"solution,":[188],"combining":[189],"imperceptibility":[191],"substantially":[193],"enhanced":[194],"robustness":[195],"detectability":[197],"resistance,":[198],"positioning":[199],"it":[200],"strong":[203],"alternative":[204],"frameworks.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}