{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2099645685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-sen:19990156","title":"Restructuring requirements specifications","display_name":"Restructuring requirements specifications","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2099645685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-sen:19990156","mag":"2099645685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/ip-sen:19990156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-sen:19990156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197075","display_name":"IEE Proceedings - Software","issn_l":"1462-5970","issn":["1462-5970","1463-9831"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEE Proceedings - Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046462940","display_name":"Alessandra Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-8711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK","Dept. of Comput., Imperial Coll. of Sci., Technol. & Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput., Imperial Coll. of Sci., Technol. & Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060861082","display_name":"Bashar Nuseibeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3476-053X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Nuseibeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK","Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715775","display_name":"Jeff Kramer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK","Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86203181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"146","issue":"1","first_page":"44","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewpoints","display_name":"Viewpoints","score":0.8876594305038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restructuring","display_name":"Restructuring","score":0.816750168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6622066497802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-analysis","display_name":"Requirements analysis","score":0.5932420492172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5728256702423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-requirements-specification","display_name":"System requirements specification","score":0.5646647214889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5548136830329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-engineering","display_name":"Requirements engineering","score":0.5133480429649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4842526614665985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-management","display_name":"Requirements management","score":0.437100887298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-requirements-specification","display_name":"Software requirements specification","score":0.42443180084228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.39235252141952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3741998076438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3539679944515228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3142642676830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17459836602210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13477221131324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.12797442078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08384379744529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.07929426431655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.07181119918823242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.8876594305038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.816750168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6622066497802734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59488412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187147","display_name":"Requirements analysis","level":3,"score":0.5932420492172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5728256702423096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84651959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17052506","display_name":"System requirements specification","level":2,"score":0.5646647214889526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5548136830329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6604083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376937","display_name":"Requirements engineering","level":3,"score":0.5133480429649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4842526614665985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173577280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530038","display_name":"Requirements management","level":4,"score":0.437100887298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102780508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761598","display_name":"Software requirements specification","level":5,"score":0.42443180084228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.39235252141952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3741998076438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3539679944515228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3142642676830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17459836602210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13477221131324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.12797442078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08384379744529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.07929426431655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.07181119918823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/ip-sen:19990156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-sen:19990156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197075","display_name":"IEE Proceedings - Software","issn_l":"1462-5970","issn":["1462-5970","1463-9831"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEE Proceedings - Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.42.1417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.42.1417","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://dse.doc.ic.ac.uk/dse-papers/viewpoints/SEJ.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118352845","https://openalex.org/W1481518662","https://openalex.org/W1561929444","https://openalex.org/W1990393403","https://openalex.org/W2054097655","https://openalex.org/W2069427404","https://openalex.org/W2073806869","https://openalex.org/W2081689954","https://openalex.org/W2090223711","https://openalex.org/W2099529102","https://openalex.org/W2105603754","https://openalex.org/W2110701642","https://openalex.org/W2113486906","https://openalex.org/W2117870171","https://openalex.org/W2122086011","https://openalex.org/W2135120182","https://openalex.org/W2135920852","https://openalex.org/W2136650506","https://openalex.org/W2144625195","https://openalex.org/W2146191617","https://openalex.org/W2147454307","https://openalex.org/W2161035444","https://openalex.org/W2167602145","https://openalex.org/W3020947624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2784612557","https://openalex.org/W344309486","https://openalex.org/W2048472863","https://openalex.org/W1527029289","https://openalex.org/W1976299131","https://openalex.org/W2890524423","https://openalex.org/W2212135093","https://openalex.org/W2338864131","https://openalex.org/W2012957645","https://openalex.org/W4296940279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,11,18,55,66,71,90,94,99,130],"restructuring":[4,82,112],"of":[5,15,20,41,49,89,96,101,129],"multi-perspective":[6],"requirements":[7,28,48,117,122],"specifications":[8],"to":[9],"facilitate":[10],"identification":[12,128],"and":[13,17,25,36,62,77,84,98,121,124],"analysis":[14,88],"inconsistencies":[16,97],"management":[19],"change.":[21],"A":[22],"partial,":[23],"heterogeneous":[24],"reasonably":[26],"large":[27],"specification":[29],"from":[30],"a":[31,39,85],"NASA":[32],"project":[33],"is":[34,108],"analysed":[35],"decomposed":[37],"into":[38,113],"structure":[40],"viewpoints,":[42],"where":[43],"each":[44],"viewpoint":[45],"encapsulates":[46],"partial":[47],"some":[50,75,102],"system":[51],"components":[52],"described":[53],"in":[54,70],"specification.":[56],"Relationships":[57],"between":[58],"viewpoints":[59,114],"are":[60],"identified":[61],"include,":[63],"not":[64],"only":[65],"interactions":[67],"explicitly":[68],"stated":[69],"requirements,":[72],"but":[73],"also":[74,115],"implicit":[76],"potentially":[78],"problematic":[79],"inter-dependencies.":[80],"The":[81],"process":[83],"first":[86],"informal":[87],"resulting":[91],"relationships":[92],"enable":[93],"detection":[95],"definition":[100],"interesting":[103],"domain-dependent":[104],"consistency":[105],"rules.":[106],"It":[107],"believed":[109],"that":[110],"this":[111],"facilitates":[116],"understanding":[118],"through":[119,126],"partitioning,":[120],"maintenance":[123],"evolution":[125],"explicit":[127],"inter-viewpoint":[131],"relationships.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}