{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2149234291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen:20070099","title":"Measuring the evolutionary stability of software systems: case studies of Linux and FreeBSD","display_name":"Measuring the evolutionary stability of software systems: case studies of Linux and FreeBSD","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2149234291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen:20070099","mag":"2149234291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-sen:20070099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen:20070099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029648351","display_name":"Ling Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-3925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134870","display_name":"Indiana University South Bend","ror":"https://ror.org/02s1hvj37","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134870","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Information Sciences Department, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, IN 46634, USA","Computer and Information Sciences Department, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Information Sciences Department, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, IN 46634, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Information Sciences Department, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029928673","display_name":"Srini Ramaswamy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102401767","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Little Rock","ror":"https://ror.org/04fttyv97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ramaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA","Computer Science Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102401767"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7764,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84530136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"26","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.8018667697906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"Software evolution","score":0.7284497618675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolvability","display_name":"Evolvability","score":0.6710658669471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6190415620803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5808044075965881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5784634947776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.510040819644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.5040435194969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.44130852818489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backporting","display_name":"Backporting","score":0.43391329050064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4327707290649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4207681119441986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3661336898803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.33441832661628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3253878355026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10007277131080627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.8018667697906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202105479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265013","display_name":"Software evolution","level":5,"score":0.7284497618675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176147130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909622","display_name":"Evolvability","level":2,"score":0.6710658669471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6190415620803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5808044075965881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5784634947776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.510040819644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.5040435194969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.44130852818489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21491501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430253","display_name":"Backporting","level":5,"score":0.43391329050064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4327707290649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4207681119441986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3661336898803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.33441832661628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3253878355026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10007277131080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-sen:20070099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen:20070099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495937566","https://openalex.org/W1501652040","https://openalex.org/W1568991511","https://openalex.org/W1969452055","https://openalex.org/W2010655791","https://openalex.org/W2019138463","https://openalex.org/W2027024173","https://openalex.org/W2032221556","https://openalex.org/W2045749853","https://openalex.org/W2046560378","https://openalex.org/W2066459581","https://openalex.org/W2074368088","https://openalex.org/W2074529754","https://openalex.org/W2093771585","https://openalex.org/W2095989637","https://openalex.org/W2096282892","https://openalex.org/W2100945416","https://openalex.org/W2101748603","https://openalex.org/W2103260577","https://openalex.org/W2108161968","https://openalex.org/W2108875907","https://openalex.org/W2114377356","https://openalex.org/W2116693957","https://openalex.org/W2121528215","https://openalex.org/W2130154958","https://openalex.org/W2139776687","https://openalex.org/W2151191515","https://openalex.org/W2163141539","https://openalex.org/W2164888958","https://openalex.org/W2167116703","https://openalex.org/W4244325127","https://openalex.org/W6629569956","https://openalex.org/W6633946746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130985117","https://openalex.org/W2979179448","https://openalex.org/W2569789557","https://openalex.org/W2156647953","https://openalex.org/W1561830470","https://openalex.org/W2141112318","https://openalex.org/W2993904035","https://openalex.org/W2137395467","https://openalex.org/W4246146185","https://openalex.org/W2095884157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"software":[1,44,51,59,66,77,99,131],"evolution,":[2],"stability":[3,27,75,111,128],"is":[4,28,47,69,117],"defined":[5],"as":[6],"the":[7,24,58,73,86,90,109,122,126,146],"ability":[8],"of":[9,76,96,112,121,129],"a":[10,102,130],"module":[11,132],"to":[12,50,71],"remain":[13],"largely":[14],"unchanged":[15],"when":[16],"faced":[17],"with":[18],"newer":[19],"requirements":[20],"and/or":[21],"changes":[22],"in":[23,133],"environment.":[25,148],"Although":[26],"an":[29,97],"important":[30],"long-term":[31],"design":[32],"characteristic":[33],"for":[34,43],"hardware":[35],"systems,":[36],"it":[37,56],"has":[38],"not":[39],"been":[40],"studied":[41],"deeply":[42],"systems.":[45],"Stability":[46],"directly":[48],"related":[49],"evolvability":[52],"and":[53,55,82,89,114,135,143],"maintainability;":[54],"affects":[57],"evolution":[60],"process.":[61],"A":[62],"model":[63,80],"based":[64,105],"on":[65,106,139,145],"version":[67],"differences":[68],"presented":[70],"measure":[72],"evolutionary":[74,110,127],"modules.":[78],"This":[79],"represents":[81],"normalises":[83],"two":[84,94],"distances:":[85],"source":[87],"code":[88],"structure":[91],"distances,":[92],"between":[93],"versions":[95],"evolving":[98],"module.":[100],"As":[101],"case":[103],"study":[104,123],"this":[107],"model,":[108],"Linux":[113,134],"FreeBSD":[115,136],"modules":[116],"compared.":[118],"The":[119],"results":[120],"shows":[124],"that":[125],"depends":[137],"more":[138],"its":[140],"function":[141],"type":[142],"less":[144],"system":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
