{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035956419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20060289","title":"GPS-free mobility metrics for mobile <i>ad hoc</i> networks","display_name":"GPS-free mobility metrics for mobile <i>ad hoc</i> networks","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035956419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20060289","mag":"2035956419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-com:20060289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20060289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017626155","display_name":"Z. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1489-6084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Communications and Electronics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Communications and Electronics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101483569","display_name":"Lingfen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-2817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Communications and Electronics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Communications and Electronics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081506921","display_name":"Emmanuel Ifeachor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8362-6292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I897542642","display_name":"University of Plymouth","ror":"https://ror.org/008n7pv89","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.C. Ifeachor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Communications and Electronics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Communications and Electronics, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I897542642"],"apc_list":{"value":2420,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2420},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4161,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76333802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"5","first_page":"970","last_page":"976"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-model","display_name":"Mobility model","score":0.8065333366394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7981832027435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6270365715026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.589526891708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.5707839727401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5272250175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.4822826683521271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4752200245857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","score":0.46559345722198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4550619125366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3929704427719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.27230924367904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09128427505493164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191485582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887309","display_name":"Mobility model","level":2,"score":0.8065333366394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7981832027435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6270365715026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.589526891708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.5707839727401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5272250175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.4822826683521271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4752200245857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91280400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Mobile ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.46559345722198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4550619125366211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3929704427719116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.27230924367904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09128427505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-com:20060289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20060289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496431500","https://openalex.org/W2091169407","https://openalex.org/W2095206774","https://openalex.org/W2098608071","https://openalex.org/W2099894364","https://openalex.org/W2108267575","https://openalex.org/W2109764756","https://openalex.org/W2114467699","https://openalex.org/W2141149904","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2160742791","https://openalex.org/W2165196451","https://openalex.org/W6629589209","https://openalex.org/W6862523942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016172030","https://openalex.org/W3035283282","https://openalex.org/W2768875466","https://openalex.org/W1591014886","https://openalex.org/W2047490229","https://openalex.org/W2551975114","https://openalex.org/W2048735602","https://openalex.org/W1531688123","https://openalex.org/W2025838880","https://openalex.org/W1581687089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"mobility":[1,16,21,31,85,99],"metrics":[2,100,128,152],"are":[3,72,158],"necessary":[4],"for":[5,33,74,112,166,183],"mobile":[6,140],"ad":[7],"hoc":[8],"networks":[9,79,167],"to":[10,160,177],"measure":[11],"the":[12,23,36,50,76,97,120,126,135,150,162,170,179,187],"impact":[13],"of":[14,25,69,78,122,134],"node":[15,55],"on":[17],"performance.":[18],"Normally,":[19],"measuring":[20],"requires":[22],"use":[24],"complex":[26],"localisation":[27,124],"systems.":[28],"A":[29],"new":[30],"metric":[32,71],"performance":[34,77,155],"measurements,":[35],"intra-vicinity":[37],"dependency,":[38],"is":[39,44,109,146],"proposed.":[40],"Its":[41],"main":[42],"novelty":[43],"that":[45,80,149,168,185],"it":[46],"can":[47],"fully":[48],"capture":[49],"relative":[51,137],"motions":[52],"between":[53,139],"a":[54,60,106,130],"and":[56,83,91,176],"its":[57],"vicinity":[58],"in":[59,63,103],"2D":[61],"plane,":[62],"real-time,":[64],"using":[65],"simple":[66],"triangulation.":[67],"Variants":[68],"this":[70],"proposed":[73,98,111,127,151],"predicting":[75],"follow":[81,169,186],"group":[82],"random":[84],"models":[86],"(e.g.":[87],"inter-group":[88,163],"inter-meeting":[89,164],"times":[90,165],"packet":[92,180],"delivery":[93,181],"rate).":[94],"To":[95],"make":[96],"more":[101,131],"robust":[102],"noisy":[104],"environments,":[105],"calibration":[107],"method":[108],"also":[110,147],"improving":[113],"accuracy.":[114],"Experimental":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"that,":[118],"without":[119],"help":[121],"any":[123],"systems,":[125],"enable":[129],"accurate":[132],"approximation":[133],"average":[136],"speed":[138],"nodes/groups":[141],"than":[142],"existing":[143],"methods.":[144],"It":[145],"shown":[148],"yield":[153],"excellent":[154],"when":[156],"they":[157],"used":[159],"predict":[161],"Rereence":[171],"Point":[172,190],"Group":[173],"Mobility":[174],"model":[175],"estimate":[178],"rate":[182],"those":[184],"Random":[188],"Way":[189],"model.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}