{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009776260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","title":"LUT\u2010based high\u2010speed point multiplier for Goldilocks\u2010Curve448","display_name":"LUT\u2010based high\u2010speed point multiplier for Goldilocks\u2010Curve448","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009776260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","mag":"3009776260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","pdf_url":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28293273","display_name":"IET Computers & Digital Techniques","issn_l":"1751-8601","issn":["1751-8601","1751-861X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Computers & Digital Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012684090","display_name":"Yasir Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-5840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131573596","display_name":"Abbottabad University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0549hdw45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasir A. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad campus, KPK Abbottabad Pakistan","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, KPK, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad campus, KPK Abbottabad Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, KPK, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596","https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018296502","display_name":"Khalid Javeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4645-4043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Javeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan","Computer Engineering Department, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091077613","display_name":"Muhammad Imran Shehzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-417X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131573596","display_name":"Abbottabad University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0549hdw45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad I. Shehzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad campus, KPK Abbottabad Pakistan","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, KPK, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad campus, KPK Abbottabad Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, KPK, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596","https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032446967","display_name":"Shoaib Azmat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0954-8334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131573596","display_name":"Abbottabad University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0549hdw45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoaib Azmat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad campus, KPK Abbottabad Pakistan","Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, KPK, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad campus, KPK Abbottabad Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, KPK, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596","https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018296502"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6015,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87358353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"149","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.6979602575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6699692010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.47108185291290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-digital-signature-algorithm","display_name":"Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm","score":0.43212682008743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve","display_name":"Elliptic curve","score":0.41000816226005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3712105453014374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3709145188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.30896303057670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23454394936561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.2205583155155182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19517099857330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.18679779767990112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.6979602575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6699692010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.47108185291290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197966572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915079","display_name":"Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm","level":5,"score":0.43212682008743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268493","display_name":"Elliptic curve","level":2,"score":0.41000816226005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3712105453014374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3709145188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.30896303057670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23454394936561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2205583155155182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19517099857330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.18679779767990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","pdf_url":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28293273","display_name":"IET Computers & Digital Techniques","issn_l":"1751-8601","issn":["1751-8601","1751-861X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Computers & Digital Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","pdf_url":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-cdt.2019.0041","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28293273","display_name":"IET Computers & Digital Techniques","issn_l":"1751-8601","issn":["1751-8601","1751-861X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Computers & Digital Techniques","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009776260.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009776260.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607006990","https://openalex.org/W1610902723","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W1871651397","https://openalex.org/W1880212920","https://openalex.org/W1970154887","https://openalex.org/W1971605365","https://openalex.org/W1972442530","https://openalex.org/W1972461879","https://openalex.org/W2003736153","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2021211179","https://openalex.org/W2036378739","https://openalex.org/W2078731783","https://openalex.org/W2080546540","https://openalex.org/W2101533612","https://openalex.org/W2122482560","https://openalex.org/W2131256658","https://openalex.org/W2137153089","https://openalex.org/W2152910750","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2164774316","https://openalex.org/W2176190288","https://openalex.org/W2243070902","https://openalex.org/W2466396324","https://openalex.org/W2515677778","https://openalex.org/W2559812431","https://openalex.org/W2560618890","https://openalex.org/W2572306028","https://openalex.org/W2754102973","https://openalex.org/W2808727944","https://openalex.org/W2809495367","https://openalex.org/W4232836212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201596224","https://openalex.org/W1565266559","https://openalex.org/W2782833818","https://openalex.org/W1990743860","https://openalex.org/W3191743943","https://openalex.org/W4226182343","https://openalex.org/W2332531239","https://openalex.org/W3213981908","https://openalex.org/W2260005205","https://openalex.org/W1577956677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"shown":[3],"that":[4],"existing":[5],"elliptic":[6,24,47,65,93],"curve\u2010based":[7],"cryptographic":[8,67],"standards":[9],"provide":[10],"backdoors":[11],"for":[12,36,60,70,91,116,132],"manipulation":[13],"and":[14,29,144],"hence":[15,145],"compromise":[16],"the":[17,57,71,81,92,106,113,126,133,177],"security.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20,76],"regard,":[21],"two":[22],"new":[23],"curves":[25,48],"known":[26],"as":[27],"Curve448":[28,72],"Curve25519":[30],"are":[31,49],"recently":[32],"recommended":[33],"by":[34,85,111],"IETF":[35],"transport":[37],"layer":[38],"security":[39],"future":[40,59],"generations.":[41],"Hence,":[42],"cryptosystems":[43],"built":[44],"over":[45],"these":[46],"expected":[50],"to":[51,124,150,172],"play":[52],"a":[53,98],"vital":[54],"role":[55],"in":[56,75,176],"near":[58],"secure":[61],"communications.":[62],"A":[63],"high\u2010speed":[64],"curve":[66,94],"processor":[68],"(ECCP)":[69],"is":[73,83,109,122,138],"proposed":[74,107,136],"study.":[77],"The":[78,101,119,135,160],"area":[79,170],"of":[80,105,129],"ECCP":[82,108,137,162],"optimised":[84,110],"performing":[86],"different":[87],"modular":[88],"operations":[89],"required":[90,127],"Diffie\u2013Hellman":[95],"protocol":[96],"through":[97],"unified":[99],"architecture.":[100],"critical":[102],"path":[103],"delay":[104],"adopting":[112],"redundant\u2010signed\u2010digit":[114],"technique":[115],"arithmetic":[117],"operations.":[118],"segmentation":[120],"approach":[121],"introduced":[123],"reduce":[125],"number":[128],"clock":[130],"cycles":[131],"ECCP.":[134],"developed":[139],"using":[140],"look\u2010up\u2010tables":[141],"(LUTs)":[142],"only,":[143],"it":[146],"can":[147],"be":[148],"ported":[149],"any":[151,168],"field\u2010programmable":[152],"gate":[153],"array":[154],"family":[155],"or":[156],"standard":[157],"ASIC":[158],"libraries.":[159],"authors'":[161],"design":[163],"offers":[164],"higher":[165],"speed":[166],"without":[167],"significant":[169],"overhead":[171],"recent":[173],"designs":[174],"reported":[175],"literature.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}