{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024723654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","title":"Fingerprint enhancement using multi\u2010scale classification dictionaries with reduced dimensionality","display_name":"Fingerprint enhancement using multi\u2010scale classification dictionaries with reduced dimensionality","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024723654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","mag":"3024723654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","pdf_url":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482923289","display_name":"IET Biometrics","issn_l":"2047-4938","issn":["2047-4938","2047-4946"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Biometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100562894","display_name":"Deqin Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145049","display_name":"Anhui Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04mw2ty13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deqin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042471611","display_name":"Weixin Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2341-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145049","display_name":"Anhui Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04mw2ty13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","display_name":"University of Hull","ror":"https://ror.org/04nkhwh30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weixin Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK","School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK","School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076282777","display_name":"Yongqiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-7638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","display_name":"University of Hull","ror":"https://ror.org/04nkhwh30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK","Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052847739","display_name":"Qingde Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-7565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","display_name":"University of Hull","ror":"https://ror.org/04nkhwh30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingde Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK","Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050720898","display_name":"Yonglong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-0376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145049","display_name":"Anhui Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04mw2ty13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonglong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003237689","display_name":"Qingying Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-3190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4472751","display_name":"Anhui Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fsfvw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145049","display_name":"Anhui Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04mw2ty13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingying Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4472751"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security, Wuhu, 241002 People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042471611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316","https://openalex.org/I4210145049","https://openalex.org/I4472751"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52086899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"194","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9563999772071838,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7688336968421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7274722456932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.6664056181907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6276637315750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.6215897798538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6102071404457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6053801774978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6052144765853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.5846352577209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.5135951042175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5084909200668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4300709068775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.415894478559494}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7688336968421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7274722456932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.6664056181907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6276637315750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.6215897798538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6102071404457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6053801774978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6052144765853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.5846352577209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.5135951042175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5084909200668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4300709068775177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.415894478559494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","pdf_url":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482923289","display_name":"IET Biometrics","issn_l":"2047-4938","issn":["2047-4938","2047-4946"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Biometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hull-repository.worktribe.com:3546347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/3546347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400827","display_name":"Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","host_organization_name":"University of Hull","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","pdf_url":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/iet-bmt.2019.0121","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482923289","display_name":"IET Biometrics","issn_l":"2047-4938","issn":["2047-4938","2047-4946"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Biometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024723654.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024723654.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571401318","https://openalex.org/W1639795441","https://openalex.org/W1965358278","https://openalex.org/W1975815261","https://openalex.org/W1976709621","https://openalex.org/W1979808797","https://openalex.org/W1982095990","https://openalex.org/W1992558806","https://openalex.org/W1999034606","https://openalex.org/W2005624859","https://openalex.org/W2019093359","https://openalex.org/W2019919182","https://openalex.org/W2023754493","https://openalex.org/W2026636863","https://openalex.org/W2038588823","https://openalex.org/W2051063947","https://openalex.org/W2051533502","https://openalex.org/W2092073110","https://openalex.org/W2093929087","https://openalex.org/W2108048356","https://openalex.org/W2126472513","https://openalex.org/W2127717018","https://openalex.org/W2128659236","https://openalex.org/W2137441863","https://openalex.org/W2154189032","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2167601730","https://openalex.org/W2170974086","https://openalex.org/W2197125854","https://openalex.org/W2277395872","https://openalex.org/W2498645844","https://openalex.org/W2503993098","https://openalex.org/W2564065581","https://openalex.org/W2587898740","https://openalex.org/W2604745008","https://openalex.org/W2710180624","https://openalex.org/W2763070725","https://openalex.org/W2765114759","https://openalex.org/W2774112877","https://openalex.org/W2789756568","https://openalex.org/W2806456004","https://openalex.org/W4285226730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014822659","https://openalex.org/W4389371618","https://openalex.org/W2117826006","https://openalex.org/W4362496757","https://openalex.org/W2566091814","https://openalex.org/W2114937328","https://openalex.org/W4312797710","https://openalex.org/W2148654711","https://openalex.org/W2608025327","https://openalex.org/W4200422973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,111],"order":[1],"to":[2,37,53,108],"improve":[3,132],"the":[4,39,42,45,55,70,81,89,113,118,124,133,155,164,172,176,180],"quality":[5,59,82,135],"of":[6,24,57,76,99,136,163,166],"fingerprint":[7,16,90,126,167],"with":[8,29,104,171],"a":[9,15,21,96],"large":[10],"noise,":[11],"this":[12,129],"study":[13],"proposes":[14],"enhancement":[17,58,168],"method":[18,157],"by":[19,94],"using":[20,95],"sparse":[22,97],"representation":[23,98],"learned":[25,100],"multi\u2010scale":[26,33,77,86,101,114],"classification":[27,78,102],"dictionaries":[28,103],"reduced":[30,105],"dimensionality.":[31],"The":[32,63],"dictionary":[34],"is":[35,49,67],"used":[36],"balance":[38],"contradiction":[40],"between":[41],"accuracy":[43],"and":[44,60,85,128,140,145],"anti\u2010noise":[46],"ability,":[47],"which":[48],"an":[50],"ideal":[51],"solution":[52],"reconcile":[54],"demands":[56],"computational":[61],"performance.":[62,187],"principal":[64],"component":[65],"analysis":[66],"applied":[68],"in":[69,161],"authors\u2019":[71],"technique":[72],"for":[73],"dimension":[74],"reduction":[75],"dictionaries.":[79],"Under":[80],"grading":[83],"scheme":[84],"composite":[87,115],"windows,":[88],"patches":[91,127],"are":[92,149],"enhanced":[93],"dimensionality":[106],"according":[107],"their":[109],"priorities.":[110],"addition,":[112],"windows":[116],"help":[117],"more":[119],"high\u2010quality":[120],"spectra":[121,134],"diffuse":[122],"into":[123],"low\u2010quality":[125],"can":[130,183],"greatly":[131],"them.":[137],"Experimental":[138],"results":[139,160,177],"comparisons":[141],"on":[142],"FVC":[143,146],"2000":[144],"2004":[147],"databases":[148],"reported.":[150],"And":[151],"it":[152],"shows":[153],"that":[154,179],"proposed":[156,181],"yields":[158],"better":[159,185],"terms":[162],"robustness":[165],"as":[169],"compared":[170],"latest":[173],"techniques.":[174],"Moreover,":[175],"show":[178],"algorithm":[182],"obtain":[184],"identification":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-05-21T00:00:00"}
