{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138268830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70144","title":"An Improved Flip SD Algorithm for Symmetric Polar Codes","display_name":"An Improved Flip SD Algorithm for Symmetric Polar Codes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138268830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70144","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129674178","display_name":"Yanfeng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9317-7298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053306574","display_name":"Xiuyu Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuyu Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129677634","display_name":"Xiangcheng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097660","display_name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00dhpdx54","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097660"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangcheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology Nanning China","School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology Nanning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097660","https://openalex.org/I150807315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Youming Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097660","display_name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00dhpdx54","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097660"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youming Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology Nanning China","School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology Nanning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097660","https://openalex.org/I150807315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129702424","display_name":"Haiqiang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097660","display_name":"Guangxi Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00dhpdx54","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097660"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haiqiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology Nanning China","School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0694-1595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology Nanning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097660","https://openalex.org/I150807315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Electronics and Information Guangxi University Nanning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5129702424"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315","https://openalex.org/I4210097660"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58225343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7073000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-word","display_name":"Code word","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar","display_name":"Polar","score":0.5758000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polar-code","display_name":"Polar code","score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-gain","display_name":"Coding gain","score":0.3725000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.8127999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7073000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153207627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863873","display_name":"Code word","level":3,"score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29705727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562","display_name":"Polar","level":2,"score":0.5758000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778396592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209069","display_name":"Polar code","level":3,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76862118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105671","display_name":"Coding gain","level":3,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206468330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834373","display_name":"Code rate","level":3,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204397858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437907","display_name":"List decoding","level":5,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132727834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4892328","display_name":"Berlekamp\u2013Welch algorithm","level":5,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2551452548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6647651917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJA170151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7260107819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183754908","https://openalex.org/W1625224913","https://openalex.org/W1981735015","https://openalex.org/W2065673954","https://openalex.org/W2101067964","https://openalex.org/W2106045225","https://openalex.org/W2117009122","https://openalex.org/W2150498905","https://openalex.org/W2164368671","https://openalex.org/W2290407458","https://openalex.org/W2531627753","https://openalex.org/W2578754910","https://openalex.org/W2608571523","https://openalex.org/W2608866305","https://openalex.org/W2773681515","https://openalex.org/W2775761081","https://openalex.org/W2896936827","https://openalex.org/W2904233420","https://openalex.org/W2941992454","https://openalex.org/W2963389341","https://openalex.org/W4293575035","https://openalex.org/W4317659515","https://openalex.org/W4376604780","https://openalex.org/W4381383955","https://openalex.org/W4382796718","https://openalex.org/W4404035041","https://openalex.org/W7124442931"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,111],"sphere":[2],"decoding":[3,13,90],"(SD)":[4],"algorithm":[5,34,54,63,81,151,195],"for":[6,55,131,162],"polar":[7,24,57,98,164],"codes":[8,25],"can":[9,35,152,196],"achieve":[10,153,197],"maximum":[11,199],"likelihood":[12],"performance,":[14],"but":[15,208],"suffers":[16],"from":[17],"high":[18],"computational":[19,184,212],"complexity.":[20,213],"Based":[21],"on":[22],"the":[23,29,32,39,49,52,70,74,79,89,94,115,132,145,149,163,173,189,193],"with":[26,169,180,209],"symmetrical":[27],"structure,":[28],"complexity":[30],"of":[31,41,51,96,157,166,178,200],"SD":[33,53,62,147,191],"be":[36],"reduced":[37],"at":[38,172,205],"expense":[40],"a":[42,100,125,154,181,198,210],"slight":[43],"performance":[44,50,155,203],"loss.":[45],"To":[46],"further":[47,136],"improve":[48,137],"symmetric":[56,97,146],"codes,":[58,99],"an":[59,83],"improved":[60],"flip":[61],"is":[64,103,129],"proposed":[65,80,150,194],"in":[66,114],"this":[67],"paper.":[68],"When":[69],"estimated":[71],"codeword":[72],"fails":[73],"cyclic":[75],"redundancy":[76],"check":[77],"(CRC),":[78],"flips":[82],"unreliable":[84,108],"combined":[85,109,112],"value":[86],"and":[87],"re\u2010performs":[88],"process.":[91],"Specifically,":[92],"using":[93],"structure":[95],"flipping":[101,116,127],"set":[102,117],"first":[104],"constructed":[105],"to":[106,121,135,144,159,188],"incorporate":[107],"values.":[110],"values":[113,134],"are":[118],"sorted":[119],"according":[120],"their":[122],"reliability.":[123],"Then,":[124],"new":[126],"operation":[128],"developed":[130],"flipped":[133],"performance.":[138],"Simulation":[139],"results":[140],"show":[141],"that,":[142],"compared":[143,187],"algorithms,":[148],"gain":[156,204],"up":[158],"1.6":[160],"dB":[161,202],"code":[165],"length":[167],"64":[168],"different":[170],"rates":[171],"frame":[174],"error":[175],"rate":[176],"(FER)":[177],",":[179],"slightly":[182],"higher":[183],"complexity;":[185],"when":[186],"original":[190],"algorithm,":[192],"1.58":[201],"FER":[206],"=":[207],"lower":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T06:31:55.123368","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
