{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117317409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70124","title":"A Massive Grant\u2010Free Random Access Scheme Based on Spectrum Sensing and Preamble Delay","display_name":"A Massive Grant\u2010Free Random Access Scheme Based on Spectrum Sensing and Preamble Delay","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117317409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70124","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.70124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.70124","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121361391","display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Wireless Communications and Internet of Things, School of Communications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-4232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Wireless Communications and Internet of Things, School of Communications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121358152","display_name":"Zhuang\u2010Zhuang Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuang\u2010Zhuang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Wireless Communications and Internet of Things, School of Communications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Wireless Communications and Internet of Things, School of Communications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066682899","display_name":"Yu\u2010Qi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145581781","display_name":"Chongqing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hqf1284","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145581781"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu\u2010Qi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Accounting Chongqing Technology and Business University  Chongqing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Accounting Chongqing Technology and Business University  Chongqing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145581781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121340902","display_name":"Hong\u2010Xu Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133610","display_name":"China Post (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04jvr6m30","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133610"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong\u2010Xu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Post Construction Technology Co., Ltd  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Post Construction Technology Co., Ltd  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133610"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019468537","display_name":"Haitao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-2221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai\u2010Tao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Wireless Communications and Internet of Things, School of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Wireless Communications and Internet of Things, School of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079991152","display_name":"Hongbo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8614-7502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong\u2010Bo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Wireless Communications and Internet of Things, School of Communications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Nanjing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Province Key Lab of Wireless Communications and Internet of Things, School of Communications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications  Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121361391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55567007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.40849998593330383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.40849998593330383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.24210000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.1597999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preamble","display_name":"Preamble","score":0.8942000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access","display_name":"Random access","score":0.7383999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6373999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.48739999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.3898000121116638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780691134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129448","display_name":"Preamble","level":3,"score":0.8942000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8095999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101722063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218825","display_name":"Random access","level":2,"score":0.7383999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6373999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.48739999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.48249998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58861099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q548838","display_name":"Handshaking","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193430537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665191","display_name":"Channel access method","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187077762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5036976","display_name":"Capture effect","level":4,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776208322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844071","display_name":"Frequency-division multiple access","level":4,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70000936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4672467","display_name":"Access method","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198124995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4075141","display_name":"Process gain","level":4,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70124","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.70124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70124","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.70124","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G269416364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92067201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117317409.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077717186","https://openalex.org/W2123503096","https://openalex.org/W2334263353","https://openalex.org/W2422021507","https://openalex.org/W2802495557","https://openalex.org/W2962706684","https://openalex.org/W2962951858","https://openalex.org/W2963797719","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W3004968144","https://openalex.org/W3007987775","https://openalex.org/W3010699032","https://openalex.org/W3015801342","https://openalex.org/W3027993135","https://openalex.org/W3044836646","https://openalex.org/W3097860381","https://openalex.org/W3134818674","https://openalex.org/W3163694347","https://openalex.org/W3178388087","https://openalex.org/W3198850615","https://openalex.org/W4211082263","https://openalex.org/W4321483890","https://openalex.org/W4406754425","https://openalex.org/W4407900965"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"As":[1],"a":[2,76,81,145],"cornerstone":[3],"of":[4,7,26,164,185],"the":[5,41,47,92,125,165,178,182,194],"internet":[6],"things,":[8],"massive":[9],"grant\u2010free":[10],"random":[11],"multiple":[12,66],"access":[13,33,61,67,107,116,183],"(MGFRMA)":[14],"has":[15,199],"attracted":[16],"wide":[17],"attention":[18],"in":[19],"recent":[20],"years.":[21],"However,":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,31,59,69,90,104,124,193],"lack":[25],"coordination,":[27],"it":[28],"is":[29,85,121,134,160,169],"difficult":[30],"remove":[32],"collisions":[34],"among":[35],"randomly":[36],"activated":[37],"users,":[38],"which":[39,138],"makes":[40],"existing":[42,195],"solutions":[43],"unsatisfactory.":[44],"To":[45],"solve":[46],"issue,":[48],"this":[49],"paper":[50],"introduces":[51],"cognitive":[52],"radio":[53],"(CR)":[54],"and":[55,73,118,157,172,187,202],"preamble":[56,155],"delay":[57],"(PD)":[58],"reduce":[60],"collisions,":[62],"together":[63],"with":[64,99,132],"non\u2010orthogonal":[65],"(NOMA)":[68],"improve":[70],"spectrum":[71,100],"efficiency,":[72],"then":[74],"develops":[75],"CR\u2010NOMA\u2010PD\u2010based":[77,166],"MGFRMA":[78,83,167],"scheme.":[79],"First,":[80],"three\u2010step":[82],"protocol":[84],"advanced.":[86],"It":[87,197],"helps":[88],"users":[89,186],"obtain":[91],"channel":[93,117,150],"occupancy":[94],"state":[95],"before":[96],"uplink":[97,139],"transmission":[98,130],"sensing":[101,126],"so":[102],"as":[103],"consciously":[105],"avoid":[106],"conflicts.":[108],"Then,":[109],"an":[110],"optimisation":[111],"strategy":[112],"for":[113],"jointly":[114],"selecting":[115],"power":[119,152],"level":[120,153],"designed":[122],"according":[123],"results.":[127],"The":[128,162],"competitive":[129],"scheme":[131,168,180],"PD":[133],"formulated,":[135],"based":[136],"on":[137],"signals":[140],"are":[141],"well":[142],"modelled.":[143],"Finally,":[144],"multi\u2010user":[146],"detection":[147],"algorithm":[148],"involving":[149],"filtering,":[151],"detection,":[154,156],"data":[158],"recovery":[159],"proposed.":[161],"performance":[163],"also":[170,198],"analysed":[171],"simulated.":[173],"Simulation":[174],"results":[175],"indicate":[176],"that":[177],"proposed":[179],"improves":[181],"ratio":[184],"system":[188],"overload":[189],"capacity":[190],"significantly":[191],"compared":[192],"schemes.":[196],"better":[200],"robustness":[201],"scalability.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-12-26T00:00:00"}
