{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117296518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70122","title":"Robust Spectral and Energy Efficiency Tradeoff for RIS\u2010Aided Multi\u2010User Communication","display_name":"Robust Spectral and Energy Efficiency Tradeoff for RIS\u2010Aided Multi\u2010User Communication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117296518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70122","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.70122","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.70122","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121320691","display_name":"Xiandeng He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiandeng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi'an P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi'an P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859","https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yilin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4980-0911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi'an P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4980-0911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi'an P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859","https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121311609","display_name":"Shun Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi'an P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University Xi'an P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859","https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121320691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I4210136859"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.6531,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77899873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.7617999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.611299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5583999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5120999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.4431000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4203000068664551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.7617999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6568999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6310999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.611299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5583999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5120999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.48660001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.4431000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.414900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4036000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169069869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477546","display_name":"Fractional programming","level":4,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165443888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482183","display_name":"Transformation matrix","level":3,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201829737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2022760","display_name":"Linear matrix inequality","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145446738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319913","display_name":"Convex function","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70122","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.70122","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cmu2.70122","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cmu2.70122","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cmu2.70122","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85427048","display_name":"IET Communications","issn_l":"1751-8628","issn":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9121771454811096}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117296518.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7117296518.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W2042599231","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963108822","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3001977108","https://openalex.org/W3002205212","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3035088654","https://openalex.org/W3038599998","https://openalex.org/W3045668545","https://openalex.org/W3100368766","https://openalex.org/W3103135626","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3159238803","https://openalex.org/W3185482389","https://openalex.org/W3193418585","https://openalex.org/W4220772872","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285210497","https://openalex.org/W4311414471","https://openalex.org/W4312653776","https://openalex.org/W4315629978","https://openalex.org/W4318586083","https://openalex.org/W4318821623","https://openalex.org/W4367277145","https://openalex.org/W4377079822","https://openalex.org/W4385757467","https://openalex.org/W4386973825"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Reconfigurable":[1],"intelligent":[2],"surface":[3],"(RIS)":[4],"holds":[5],"potential":[6],"for":[7,106],"enhancing":[8],"spectral":[9],"efficiency":[10,14],"(SE)":[11],"and":[12,57,70,81,109,162,176,200,202],"energy":[13],"(EE).":[15],"Nevertheless,":[16],"the":[17,60,64,71,77,82,89,94,101,121,124,133,150,165,189,208],"variations":[18],"in":[19,36,197],"these":[20],"two":[21],"metrics":[22],"are":[23],"not":[24],"synchronous.":[25],"Additionally,":[26],"acquiring":[27],"precise":[28],"channel":[29,83],"state":[30],"information":[31],"(CSI)":[32],"presents":[33],"substantial":[34],"difficulties":[35],"actual":[37],"implementations.":[38],"In":[39,120,149],"this":[40],"work,":[41],"an":[42],"RIS\u2010aided":[43],"multi\u2010user":[44],"network":[45],"with":[46,167],"imperfect":[47],"CSI":[48],"is":[49,129,147,170],"investigated.":[50],"Correspondingly,":[51],"we":[52],"focus":[53],"on":[54],"balancing":[55],"SE":[56,166,199],"EE":[58],"through":[59],"collaborative":[61],"design":[62,191],"of":[63,88,96],"base":[65],"station":[66],"(BS)'s":[67],"precoding":[68],"matrix":[69,182],"RIS's":[72],"phase":[73],"shifts,":[74],"which":[75,99],"consider":[76],"transmit":[78],"power":[79],"budget":[80],"uncertainties":[84],"constraints.":[85],"The":[86],"non\u2010convexity":[87],"joint":[90],"optimization":[91],"problem":[92,102],"motivates":[93],"use":[95],"two\u2010stage":[97],"AO,":[98],"decouples":[100],"into":[103,136,172,179],"tractable":[104],"subproblems":[105],"BS":[107],"beamforming":[108],"RIS":[110],"phase\u2010shift":[111],"design,":[112],"ensuring":[113],"convergence":[114],"to":[115,131,207],"a":[116,137,144,173,194],"locally":[117],"optimal":[118],"solution.":[119],"outer\u2010stage":[122],"problem,":[123,152],"quadratic":[125],"transformation":[126],"(QT)":[127],"method":[128],"applied":[130],"convert":[132],"fractional":[134],"objective":[135],"linear":[138,181],"form.":[139],"By":[140],"introducing":[141,159],"auxiliary":[142,160],"variables,":[143,161],"closed\u2010form":[145],"solution":[146],"obtained.":[148],"inner\u2010stage":[151],"by":[153],"employing":[154],"successive":[155],"convex":[156],"approximation":[157],"(SCA),":[158],"utilizing":[163],"S\u2010procedure,":[164],"uncertain":[168],"channels":[169],"transformed":[171],"concave":[174],"form":[175],"further":[177],"converted":[178],"equivalent":[180],"inequalities":[183],"(LMIs).":[184],"Simulation":[185],"results":[186],"illustrate":[187],"that":[188],"proposed":[190],"effectively":[192],"attains":[193],"favorable":[195],"tradeoff":[196],"both":[198],"EE,":[201],"demonstrate":[203],"certain":[204],"superiority":[205],"compared":[206],"baseline.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-12-26T00:00:00"}
