{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415725735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2/5773930","title":"An FFT Optimal Scaling Vector Search Scheme Based on Dynamic Programming","display_name":"An FFT Optimal Scaling Vector Search Scheme Based on Dynamic Programming","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415725735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2/5773930"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cds2/5773930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2/5773930","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cds2/5773930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208150","display_name":"IET Circuits Devices & Systems","issn_l":"1751-858X","issn":["1751-858X","1751-8598"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cds2/5773930","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108989891","display_name":"Jinwei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5763-4886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications ,  Chengdu ,  Sichuan ,  China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5763-4886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications ,  Chengdu ,  Sichuan ,  China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081191986","display_name":"Yubin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7327-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yubin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications ,  Chengdu ,  Sichuan ,  China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7327-0595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications ,  Chengdu ,  Sichuan ,  China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070866793","display_name":"Kaining Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-5641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaining Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications ,  Chengdu ,  Sichuan ,  China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0032-5641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications ,  Chengdu ,  Sichuan ,  China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032433883","display_name":"Jianhao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-5513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianhao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications ,  Chengdu ,  Sichuan ,  China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-5513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications ,  Chengdu ,  Sichuan ,  China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032433883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36124911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.907800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11034","display_name":"Digital Filter Design and Implementation","score":0.907800018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.8654000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/split-radix-fft-algorithm","display_name":"Split-radix FFT algorithm","score":0.6830999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5406000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prime-factor-fft-algorithm","display_name":"Prime-factor FFT algorithm","score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-programming","display_name":"Dynamic programming","score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/twiddle-factor","display_name":"Twiddle factor","score":0.41920000314712524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.8654000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103755468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103599","display_name":"Split-radix FFT algorithm","level":5,"score":0.6830999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5857999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5475999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5406000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243214","display_name":"Prime-factor FFT algorithm","level":5,"score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.4625999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4697666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7857913","display_name":"Twiddle factor","level":5,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157742956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237776","display_name":"Frequency scaling","level":3,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69598009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7280126","display_name":"Rader's FFT algorithm","level":5,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57733114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006032","display_name":"Discrete Fourier transform (general)","level":5,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/cds2/5773930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2/5773930","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cds2/5773930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208150","display_name":"IET Circuits Devices & Systems","issn_l":"1751-858X","issn":["1751-858X","1751-8598"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c5a28d4e5eb245dc809a4ee7cd74deb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c5a28d4e5eb245dc809a4ee7cd74deb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IET Circuits, Devices and Systems, Vol 2025 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/cds2/5773930","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2/5773930","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/cds2/5773930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208150","display_name":"IET Circuits Devices & Systems","issn_l":"1751-858X","issn":["1751-858X","1751-8598"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415725735.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415725735.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558137792","https://openalex.org/W1934753758","https://openalex.org/W1975210673","https://openalex.org/W2019650737","https://openalex.org/W2036812077","https://openalex.org/W2059347185","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2065778560","https://openalex.org/W2083416315","https://openalex.org/W2092689852","https://openalex.org/W2135593247","https://openalex.org/W2138777455","https://openalex.org/W2141427150","https://openalex.org/W2157406439","https://openalex.org/W2170142399","https://openalex.org/W2172075067","https://openalex.org/W2565825601","https://openalex.org/W2951740995","https://openalex.org/W3212944824"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40],"fast":[1],"Fourier":[2,18],"transform":[3,19],"(FFT)":[4],"is":[5,181,189],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,104,155,199],"digital":[9],"signal":[10],"processing.":[11],"However,":[12],"hardware":[13,35,161,201],"implementations":[14],"of":[15,42,101,108,119,137],"the":[16,85,94,130,143],"discrete":[17],"(DFT)/FFT":[20],"are":[21],"limited":[22],"by":[23,146,165],"word":[24],"length":[25],"constraints,":[26],"necessitating":[27],"truncation,":[28],"saturation,":[29],"and":[30,37,66,88,99,110,183],"scaling":[31,45,79,197],"operations":[32],"to":[33,83,175],"balance":[34],"resources":[36],"computational":[38,89],"performance.":[39],"choice":[41],"a":[43,54,75,97,116,120,151,158],"suitable":[44],"vector":[46,80],"significantly":[47],"affects":[48],"FFT":[49,59,160,200],"efficiency.":[50],"This":[51,191],"paper":[52],"introduces":[53],"novel":[55],"estimation":[56],"model":[57,95,124],"for":[58,63,195],"error":[60,103,127],"power,":[61],"accounting":[62],"both":[64],"quantization":[65],"saturation":[67],"errors.":[68],"Based":[69],"on":[70],"this":[71],"model,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"dynamic":[76],"programming":[77],"(DP)\u2010based":[78],"search":[81,86,132,144],"scheme":[82,170],"reduce":[84],"space":[87,145],"complexity.":[90],"After":[91],"1000":[92],"experiments,":[93],"demonstrated":[96],"mean":[98],"variance":[100],"relative":[102],"signal\u2010to\u2010noise":[105],"ratio":[106],"(SNR)":[107],"0.063":[109],"0.35,":[111],"proving":[112],"its":[113],"effectiveness.":[114],"In":[115,157],"case":[117],"study":[118],"1024\u2010point":[121],"FFT,":[122],"our":[123,140],"accurately":[125],"estimated":[126],"power.":[128],"While":[129],"exhaustive":[131],"yielded":[133],"an":[134],"optimal":[135],"SNR":[136,172,185],"65.91":[138],"dB,":[139],"method":[141],"reduced":[142],"3600":[147],"times,":[148],"with":[149],"only":[150],"0.3":[152],"dB":[153],"loss":[154],"SNR.":[156],"256\u2010point":[159],"implementation,":[162],"performance":[163,173],"improved":[164],"over":[166],"10":[167],"dB.":[168],"Our":[169],"achieves":[171],"comparable":[174],"other":[176],"methods":[177],"when":[178,186],"bit":[179,187],"width":[180,188],"fixed":[182],"superior":[184],"variable.":[190],"approach":[192],"offers":[193],"guidance":[194],"selecting":[196],"vectors":[198],"design.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-31T00:00:00"}
