{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127924879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70031","title":"Blockchain in Communication Networks: A Comprehensive Review","display_name":"Blockchain in Communication Networks: A Comprehensive Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127924879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/blc2.70031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204386","display_name":"IET Blockchain","issn_l":"2634-1573","issn":["2634-1573"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Blockchain","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70031","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016319775","display_name":"Quazi Mamun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-7651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quazi Mamun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Mathematics and Engineering Charles Sturt University  Bathurst NSW Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-7651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Mathematics and Engineering Charles Sturt University  Bathurst NSW Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056888876","display_name":"Zhenni Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenni Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University  Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125153020","display_name":"Jun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University  Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Engineering Waseda University  Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016319775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.8726,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98250707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.5511000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.5511000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.243599995970726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6872000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6064000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6032999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.5543000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3774999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6872000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6064000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6032999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.5543000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.31209999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/blc2.70031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204386","display_name":"IET Blockchain","issn_l":"2634-1573","issn":["2634-1573"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Blockchain","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/23fbbd40-8f9e-4ff9-b27e-711e9d4d42c3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/23fbbd40-8f9e-4ff9-b27e-711e9d4d42c3","pdf_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/files/621699189/621445808_Published_article.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055442","display_name":"Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mamun, Q, Pan, Z & Wu, J 2026, 'Blockchain in communication networks : A comprehensive review', IET Blockchain, vol. 6, no. 1, e70031, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70031","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/blc2.70031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/blc2.70031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204386","display_name":"IET Blockchain","issn_l":"2634-1573","issn":["2634-1573"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Blockchain","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2999162219","https://openalex.org/W3011114555","https://openalex.org/W3042279443","https://openalex.org/W3097269211","https://openalex.org/W3119292877","https://openalex.org/W3126599683","https://openalex.org/W3126991409","https://openalex.org/W3130746454","https://openalex.org/W3143015073","https://openalex.org/W3146595921","https://openalex.org/W3155477929","https://openalex.org/W3161594686","https://openalex.org/W3164960874","https://openalex.org/W3174333601","https://openalex.org/W3177472323","https://openalex.org/W3197688463","https://openalex.org/W4214923837","https://openalex.org/W4281950382","https://openalex.org/W4288722582","https://openalex.org/W4296842505","https://openalex.org/W4312359519","https://openalex.org/W4312587077","https://openalex.org/W4313132015","https://openalex.org/W4313134309","https://openalex.org/W4322753863","https://openalex.org/W4324137979","https://openalex.org/W4360604596","https://openalex.org/W4366087214","https://openalex.org/W4381736942","https://openalex.org/W4383897495","https://openalex.org/W4388469737","https://openalex.org/W4388529550","https://openalex.org/W4392712956","https://openalex.org/W4392847142","https://openalex.org/W4393255414","https://openalex.org/W4396938814","https://openalex.org/W4401507848","https://openalex.org/W4403028015","https://openalex.org/W4405987867","https://openalex.org/W4406011900","https://openalex.org/W4407361179","https://openalex.org/W4407527892","https://openalex.org/W4409564464","https://openalex.org/W4410193900","https://openalex.org/W4410459428","https://openalex.org/W4416822960"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Blockchain":[1],"is":[2],"emerging":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,99,171],"trust":[6],"substrate":[7],"for":[8,153],"multi\u2010operator":[9],"communication":[10],"networks":[11],"where":[12],"centralised":[13],"control":[14,137],"can":[15],"hinder":[16],"auditability,":[17],"settlement,":[18],"and":[19,34,36,50,53,69,72,84,91,111,129,135,139,143,156,166],"cross\u2010domain":[20],"security.":[21],"This":[22],"survey":[23],"consolidates":[24],"blockchain":[25,64,169],"fundamentals":[26],"relevant":[27],"to":[28,66,115],"telecom":[29],"(consensus,":[30],"cryptography,":[31],"smart":[32],"contracts,":[33],"governance)":[35],"synthesises":[37],"how":[38],"these":[39],"primitives":[40],"enable":[41],"secure":[42],"logs,":[43],"automated":[44],"roaming/settlement,":[45],"decentralised":[46],"identity,":[47],"resource":[48],"trading,":[49],"5G/6G":[51],"slicing":[52],"edge":[54],"computing.":[55],"The":[56,118],"authors":[57],"introduce":[58],"an":[59],"end\u2010to\u2010end":[60],"taxonomy":[61],"that":[62],"maps":[63],"mechanisms":[65],"network":[67],"functions":[68],"cross\u2010cutting":[70],"constraints":[71],"provide":[73],"comparative":[74],"evidence":[75],"from":[76],"representative":[77],"studies":[78,161],"on":[79,106],"performance":[80],"(latency/throughput),":[81],"operational":[82],"cost,":[83],"deployment":[85],"maturity.":[86],"A":[87],"structured":[88],"literature":[89],"search":[90],"screening":[92],"process":[93],"over":[94,174],"major":[95],"digital":[96],"libraries":[97],"yields":[98],"curated":[100],"corpus":[101],"spanning":[102],"2015\u20132025,":[103],"with":[104],"emphasis":[105],"recent":[107],"advances":[108],"in":[109],"permissioned":[110],"hybrid":[112],"designs":[113],"suited":[114],"low\u2010latency":[116],"networking.":[117],"review":[119],"identifies":[120],"persistent":[121],"gaps":[122],"\u2013":[123,142],"scalability":[124],"under":[125],"high":[126],"churn,":[127],"energy":[128],"hardware":[130],"overhead,":[131],"interoperability":[132],"across":[133],"chains":[134],"legacy":[136],"planes,":[138],"regulatory":[140],"compliance":[141],"distils":[144],"actionable":[145],"research":[146],"directions,":[147],"including":[148],"AI\u2010assisted":[149],"consensus,":[150],"cross\u2010chain":[151],"orchestration":[152],"multi\u2010domain":[154],"slicing,":[155],"privacy\u2010preserving":[157],"accountability.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"case":[160],"illustrate":[162],"practical":[163],"design":[164],"trade\u2010offs":[165],"highlight":[167],"when":[168],"provides":[170],"net":[172],"benefit":[173],"conventional":[175],"databases.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}