{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399169564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/2024/3946655","title":"Software Defect Prediction Using Deep <i>Q</i> \u2010Learning Network\u2010Based Feature Extraction","display_name":"Software Defect Prediction Using Deep <i>Q</i> \u2010Learning Network\u2010Based Feature Extraction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399169564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/2024/3946655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/2024/3946655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/2024/3946655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/2024/3946655","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082884353","display_name":"Qinhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3237-1767"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079504300","display_name":"J Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2775-7591"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiachen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074945688","display_name":"Tie Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3408-552X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043046588","display_name":"Jialang Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialang Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103159514","display_name":"Xinxin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3879-968X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061399964","display_name":"N. Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7596-9491"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningyang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036642264","display_name":"Z. X. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6809-0064"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082884353"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2200},"fwci":6.2354,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96354835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7539250254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6719992160797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6153621673583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5242293477058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undersampling","display_name":"Undersampling","score":0.5038163065910339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.49208635091781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4831220805644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4728158712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46405068039894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.45576274394989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.44299909472465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4253590703010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.4137806296348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3866046667098999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7539250254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6719992160797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6153621673583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5242293477058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136536468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225894","display_name":"Undersampling","level":2,"score":0.5038163065910339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.49208635091781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4831220805644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4728158712387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46405068039894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.45576274394989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.44299909472465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4253590703010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.4137806296348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3866046667098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/2024/3946655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/2024/3946655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:111c6d68377340e0a4b4eb152c8ae8e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/111c6d68377340e0a4b4eb152c8ae8e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IET Software, Vol 2024 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/2024/3946655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/2024/3946655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164201770","display_name":"IET Software","issn_l":"1751-8806","issn":["1751-8806","1751-8814"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311714","host_organization_name":"Institution of Engineering and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311714"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Engineering and Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2312366897","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC0831706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3017535585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20200201166JC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G811156779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021Szvup047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31439216","https://openalex.org/W150336312","https://openalex.org/W172260869","https://openalex.org/W203932818","https://openalex.org/W1523389133","https://openalex.org/W1616262590","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2014464762","https://openalex.org/W2024199384","https://openalex.org/W2045290082","https://openalex.org/W2048456683","https://openalex.org/W2062112832","https://openalex.org/W2067827591","https://openalex.org/W2094947835","https://openalex.org/W2095393613","https://openalex.org/W2097883090","https://openalex.org/W2104167780","https://openalex.org/W2105776892","https://openalex.org/W2109553965","https://openalex.org/W2120999344","https://openalex.org/W2135937426","https://openalex.org/W2143189463","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2156483112","https://openalex.org/W2157825442","https://openalex.org/W2321477967","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2606020393","https://openalex.org/W2761873684","https://openalex.org/W2771775276","https://openalex.org/W2781049225","https://openalex.org/W2791753912","https://openalex.org/W2807600438","https://openalex.org/W2886603593","https://openalex.org/W2907063321","https://openalex.org/W2907975551","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2964205113","https://openalex.org/W2988881551","https://openalex.org/W2990081314","https://openalex.org/W2996089053","https://openalex.org/W3011402415","https://openalex.org/W3015404629","https://openalex.org/W3046757114","https://openalex.org/W3090653483","https://openalex.org/W3102431071","https://openalex.org/W3123086967","https://openalex.org/W3130692359","https://openalex.org/W3132736739","https://openalex.org/W3166320127","https://openalex.org/W3172831760","https://openalex.org/W3180096702","https://openalex.org/W3191205903","https://openalex.org/W3217117053","https://openalex.org/W4200586434","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4250023757","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4304688778","https://openalex.org/W4313065134","https://openalex.org/W4313889431","https://openalex.org/W4376606895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109073422","https://openalex.org/W2887783772","https://openalex.org/W2101754595","https://openalex.org/W4249381695","https://openalex.org/W2534887053","https://openalex.org/W2026172757","https://openalex.org/W2080076470","https://openalex.org/W2095030957","https://openalex.org/W2066827917","https://openalex.org/W2884201223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning\u2010based":[1],"software":[2,62],"defect":[3],"prediction":[4,34],"(SDP)":[5],"approaches":[6,222,244],"have":[7,200],"been":[8,201],"commonly":[9],"proposed":[10,80],"to":[11,13,32,81,105,128,170,237,255],"help":[12],"deliver":[14],"high\u2010quality":[15],"software.":[16],"Unfortunately,":[17],"all":[18,121,190],"the":[19,42,90,94,98,107,111,117,122,129,133,145,152,165,182,194,224],"previous":[20],"research":[21],"conducted":[22,202,235],"without":[23,38,230],"effective":[24],"feature":[25,40,77,115,196,226],"reduction":[26],"suffers":[27],"from":[28],"high\u2010dimensional":[29],"data,":[30],"leading":[31],"unsatisfactory":[33],"performance":[35],"measures.":[36],"Moreover,":[37],"proper":[39],"reduction,":[41],"interpretability":[43],"and":[44,85,88,164,206,268],"generalization":[45],"ability":[46],"of":[47,101,114,120,155,167,184],"machine":[48],"learning":[49],"models":[50],"in":[51,60,258],"SDP":[52,69,221],"may":[53],"be":[54],"compromised,":[55],"hindering":[56],"their":[57],"practical":[58],"utility":[59],"diverse":[61],"development":[63],"environments.":[64],"In":[65,93],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"an":[68],"approach":[70,240,252],"using":[71,223,231],"deep":[72],"Q":[73,153,156],"\u2010learning":[74,157],"network":[75,175],"(DQN)\u2010based":[76],"extraction":[78,227],"is":[79,103,125,136,148,177,253],"eliminate":[82],"irrelevant,":[83],"redundant,":[84],"noisy":[86],"features":[87],"improve":[89],"classification":[91,217],"performance.":[92],"data":[95],"preprocessing":[96],"phase,":[97],"undersampling":[99],"method":[100],"BalanceCascade":[102],"applied":[104],"divide":[106],"original":[108],"datasets.":[109,210],"As":[110],"first":[112],"step":[113],"extraction,":[116],"weight":[118,160],"ranking":[119],"metric":[123,185],"elements":[124],"calculated":[126],"according":[127,169],"expected":[130],"cross\u2010entropy.":[131],"Then,":[132],"relation":[134,162],"matrix":[135,141],"constructed":[137],"by":[138],"applying":[139],"random":[140],"theory.":[142],"After":[143],"that,":[144],"reward":[146],"principle":[147],"defined":[149],"for":[150,189],"computing":[151],"value":[154],"based":[158,219],"on":[159,179,203,220,245],"ranking,":[161],"matrix,":[163],"number":[166],"errors,":[168],"which":[171,248],"a":[172],"convolutional":[173],"neural":[174],"model":[176],"trained":[178],"datasets":[180,191],"until":[181],"sequences":[183],"pairs":[186],"are":[187],"generated":[188],"acting":[192],"as":[193],"revised":[195],"set.":[197],"Various":[198],"experiments":[199,213,236],"11":[204,207],"NASA":[205],"PROMISE":[208],"repository":[209],"Sensitive":[211],"analysis":[212],"show":[214,249],"that":[215,250],"binary":[216],"algorithms":[218],"DQN\u2010based":[225],"outperform":[228],"those":[229],"it.":[232],"We":[233],"also":[234],"compare":[238],"our":[239,251],"with":[241],"four":[242],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[243],"common":[246],"datasets,":[247],"superior":[254],"these":[256],"methods":[257],"precision,":[259],"F":[260],"\u2010measure,":[261],"area":[262],"under":[263],"receiver":[264],"operating":[265],"characteristics":[266],"curve,":[267],"Matthews":[269],"correlation":[270],"coefficient":[271],"values.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
